How Long to Read Fast Hopping High-frequency Carrier Generation in Digital CMOS Technology

How Long Does it Take to Read Fast Hopping High-frequency Carrier Generation in Digital CMOS Technology?

It takes the average reader 2 hours and 11 minutes to read Fast Hopping High-frequency Carrier Generation in Digital CMOS Technology by Mohammad Farazian

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

One of the challenges in implementing a frequency synthesizer for Multi-band OFDM Ultra Wideband (MB-OFDM UWB) is overcoming the agility limitations of conventional synthesizers. The MB-OFDM proposal for UWB divides the spectrum from 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz into 14 different bands, and frequency hops at the rate of 3.2 MHz between them with a specified frequency settling time of only 9.5 nS. Design techniques that eliminate the use of on-chip inductors, and which are compatible with low voltage operation, are critical for increasing the level of integration for future implementations. An inductor-less design methodology may have several advantages over traditional design techniques: (1) While the area required to implement an on-chip inductor does not scale down in the finer technology nodes, inductor-less designs benefit from technology scaling. (2) On the other hand, the quality factor of the on-chip inductors may worsen in finer technology nodes, which can lead to an increase in the required current consumption to generate a given voltage swing. (3) It is more straightforward to port an inductor-less design into a new technology node. The penalty for an inductor-less design methodology is a slightly increase in the current consumption to achieve the necessary gain and voltage swing in the absence of inductors. In this work, a frequency plan is proposed that can generate all the required frequencies from a single fixed frequency and can implement any center frequency with a maximum of two levels of SSB mixing. In order to generate all the required frequencies for the operation of this frequency synthesizer out of a single frequency, fractional frequency dividers are needed. Therefore, a study is performed on the architectures that can obtain a fractional division ratio. This study involves an analysis of the operation, stability, and phase noise of injection-locked regenerative frequency dividers. In addition, the operation, stability, locking range, and phase noise of two-stage ring-oscillators, which are compact ways to generate quadrature output phases and can be used in injection-locked regenerative frequency dividers, are analyzed. This work presents the first CMOS inductor-less single PLL 14-band frequency synthesizer for MB-OFDM UWB which is capable to perform any arbitrary band switching specified in less than 2 nS. Implemented in a 0.13 & mu;m CMOS process, it uses a single 1.2 V supply voltage, and dissipates 135 mW. The mixing sideband level is better than -31 dBc and the phase noise is better than -110 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset.

How long is Fast Hopping High-frequency Carrier Generation in Digital CMOS Technology?

Fast Hopping High-frequency Carrier Generation in Digital CMOS Technology by Mohammad Farazian is 131 pages long, and a total of 32,881 words.

This makes it 44% the length of the average book. It also has 40% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Fast Hopping High-frequency Carrier Generation in Digital CMOS Technology Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 2 hours and 59 minutes to read Fast Hopping High-frequency Carrier Generation in Digital CMOS Technology aloud.

What Reading Level is Fast Hopping High-frequency Carrier Generation in Digital CMOS Technology?

Fast Hopping High-frequency Carrier Generation in Digital CMOS Technology is suitable for students ages 10 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Fast Hopping High-frequency Carrier Generation in Digital CMOS Technology?

Fast Hopping High-frequency Carrier Generation in Digital CMOS Technology by Mohammad Farazian is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

To buy Fast Hopping High-frequency Carrier Generation in Digital CMOS Technology by Mohammad Farazian on Amazon click the button below.