How Long to Read Fiscal Buffers for Natural Disasters in Pacific Island Countries

How Long Does it Take to Read Fiscal Buffers for Natural Disasters in Pacific Island Countries?

It takes the average reader and 31 minutes to read Fiscal Buffers for Natural Disasters in Pacific Island Countries by Hidetaka Nishizawa

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Pacific island countries (PICs) are vulnerable severe natural disasters, especially cyclones, inflicting large losses on their economies. In the aftermath of disasters, PIC governments face revenue losses and spending pressures to address post-disaster relief and recovery efforts. This paper estimates the effects of severe natural disasters on fiscal revenues and expenditure in PICs. These are combined with information on the frequency of large disasters to calculate the rate of budgetary savings needed to build appropriate fiscal buffers. Fiscal buffers provide self-insurance against natural disaster shocks and facilitate quick disbursement for recovery and relief efforts, and protection of spending on essential services and infrastructure. The estimates can provide a benchmark for policymakers, and should be adjusted to take into account other sources of financing, as well as budget risks from less severe as well as more frequent disasters.

How long is Fiscal Buffers for Natural Disasters in Pacific Island Countries?

Fiscal Buffers for Natural Disasters in Pacific Island Countries by Hidetaka Nishizawa is 31 pages long, and a total of 7,781 words.

This makes it 10% the length of the average book. It also has 10% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Fiscal Buffers for Natural Disasters in Pacific Island Countries Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes and 42 minutes to read Fiscal Buffers for Natural Disasters in Pacific Island Countries aloud.

What Reading Level is Fiscal Buffers for Natural Disasters in Pacific Island Countries?

Fiscal Buffers for Natural Disasters in Pacific Island Countries is suitable for students ages 8 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Fiscal Buffers for Natural Disasters in Pacific Island Countries?

Fiscal Buffers for Natural Disasters in Pacific Island Countries by Hidetaka Nishizawa is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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