How Long to Read Fiscal Transparency, Fiscal Performance and Credit Ratings

How Long Does it Take to Read Fiscal Transparency, Fiscal Performance and Credit Ratings?

It takes the average reader and 32 minutes to read Fiscal Transparency, Fiscal Performance and Credit Ratings by Ms.Elif Arbatli

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

This paper investigates the effect of fiscal transparency on market assessments of sovereign risk, as measured by credit ratings. It measures this effect through a direct channel (uncertainty reduction) and an indirect channel (better fiscal policies and outcomes), and it differentiates between advanced and developing economies. Fiscal transparency is measured by an index based on the IMF’s Reports on the Observance of Standards and Codes (ROSCs). We find that fiscal transparency has a positive and significant effect on ratings, but it works through different channels in advanced and developing economies. In advanced economies the indirect effect of transparency through better fiscal outcomes is more significant whereas for developing economies the direct uncertainty-reducing effect is more relevant. Our results suggest that a one standard deviation improvement in fiscal transparency index is associated with a significant increase in credit ratings: by 0.7 and 1 notches in advanced and developing economies respectively.

How long is Fiscal Transparency, Fiscal Performance and Credit Ratings?

Fiscal Transparency, Fiscal Performance and Credit Ratings by Ms.Elif Arbatli is 32 pages long, and a total of 8,064 words.

This makes it 11% the length of the average book. It also has 10% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Fiscal Transparency, Fiscal Performance and Credit Ratings Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes and 44 minutes to read Fiscal Transparency, Fiscal Performance and Credit Ratings aloud.

What Reading Level is Fiscal Transparency, Fiscal Performance and Credit Ratings?

Fiscal Transparency, Fiscal Performance and Credit Ratings is suitable for students ages 8 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Fiscal Transparency, Fiscal Performance and Credit Ratings?

Fiscal Transparency, Fiscal Performance and Credit Ratings by Ms.Elif Arbatli is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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