How Long to Read Fish Spawning Activities in Southern California Marine Protected Areas as Determined by Molecular Identification of Fish Eggs

How Long Does it Take to Read Fish Spawning Activities in Southern California Marine Protected Areas as Determined by Molecular Identification of Fish Eggs?

It takes the average reader and 47 minutes to read Fish Spawning Activities in Southern California Marine Protected Areas as Determined by Molecular Identification of Fish Eggs by Elise Anna Lindgren

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

A network of marine protected areas (MPAs) has recently been established off the coast of southern California. In order to monitor species within these reserves, it is necessary to assess the current state of populations. A baseline for monitoring fish spawning within two of these MPAs was established from 2012 to 2013 using a standardized vertical plankton net tow to collect fish eggs off the pier at Scripps Institution of Oceanography multiple times per week. Molecular methods were used to identify eggs, allowing for more accurate identification than the more commonly used morphological methods. The mitochondrial COI or 16S gene was amplified from extracted DNA, and sequences were compared to DNA barcode databases. A total of 8588 eggs and 38 different species of fish were identified, including commercially and recreationally important species such as Engraulis mordax (Northern anchovy), Sardinops sagax (Pacific sardine), and Semicossyphus pulcher (CA sheephead). Species that are uncommon in this region, including Cynoscion parvipinnis (shortfin weakfish) and Citharichthys gordae (mimic sanddab), were observed, which may be indicative of ongoing range shifts in breeding habitat. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) was used to test for differences in species assemblages between months. Using a likelihood ratio test, spawning was found to be significantly correlated with sea surface temperature for many species. This survey can allow future studies to monitor changes in spawning activities over time.

How long is Fish Spawning Activities in Southern California Marine Protected Areas as Determined by Molecular Identification of Fish Eggs?

Fish Spawning Activities in Southern California Marine Protected Areas as Determined by Molecular Identification of Fish Eggs by Elise Anna Lindgren is 46 pages long, and a total of 11,776 words.

This makes it 16% the length of the average book. It also has 14% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Fish Spawning Activities in Southern California Marine Protected Areas as Determined by Molecular Identification of Fish Eggs Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 1 hour and 4 minutes to read Fish Spawning Activities in Southern California Marine Protected Areas as Determined by Molecular Identification of Fish Eggs aloud.

What Reading Level is Fish Spawning Activities in Southern California Marine Protected Areas as Determined by Molecular Identification of Fish Eggs?

Fish Spawning Activities in Southern California Marine Protected Areas as Determined by Molecular Identification of Fish Eggs is suitable for students ages 8 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Fish Spawning Activities in Southern California Marine Protected Areas as Determined by Molecular Identification of Fish Eggs?

Fish Spawning Activities in Southern California Marine Protected Areas as Determined by Molecular Identification of Fish Eggs by Elise Anna Lindgren is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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