How Long to Read Fixed-film Reactors In Wastewater Treatment

How Long Does it Take to Read Fixed-film Reactors In Wastewater Treatment?

It takes the average reader 5 hours and 12 minutes to read Fixed-film Reactors In Wastewater Treatment by Nicholas F Gray

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Our rivers and lakes are continuously self-purifying thanks to algal and bacterial biofilms that grow over the surface of stones and other debris. This same process has been employed for over a century to treat our municipal and industrial wastewater in specially designed fixed film reactors that maximize this microbial activity by providing ideal growth conditions and unlimited food and oxygen. Fixed film, or attached biofilm, reactors are unique in their ability to treat complex wastewaters and shock loadings; using far less energy than other wastewater treatment processes such as activated sludge, making them a sustainable treatment option.Targeted at undergraduate and postgraduate engineers and scientists, this book follows the structure of bestseller Biology of Wastewater Treatment. This volume gives an expanded and up-to-date overview of the use of fixed-film reactors in wastewater treatment with content spanning from biofilm formation, to traditional trickling filters and rotating biological contactor technology, advanced submerged systems (including MBBRs and IFAS) and their key role in the treatment of contaminated air, and finally to nitrogen removal employing new microbial pathways such as Anammox. This monograph emphasizes the biological aspects of the processes.

How long is Fixed-film Reactors In Wastewater Treatment?

Fixed-film Reactors In Wastewater Treatment by Nicholas F Gray is 311 pages long, and a total of 78,061 words.

This makes it 105% the length of the average book. It also has 95% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Fixed-film Reactors In Wastewater Treatment Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 7 hours and 6 minutes to read Fixed-film Reactors In Wastewater Treatment aloud.

What Reading Level is Fixed-film Reactors In Wastewater Treatment?

Fixed-film Reactors In Wastewater Treatment is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Fixed-film Reactors In Wastewater Treatment?

Fixed-film Reactors In Wastewater Treatment by Nicholas F Gray is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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