How Long to Read Fluoride-laser Microfabrication of Diffractive Optical Elements [microform]

How Long Does it Take to Read Fluoride-laser Microfabrication of Diffractive Optical Elements [microform]?

It takes the average reader 2 hours and 22 minutes to read Fluoride-laser Microfabrication of Diffractive Optical Elements [microform] by Mi Li Ng

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

The 157nm F2-laser drives strong and precisely controllable interactions with fused silica, the most widely used material for bulk optics, optical fibers, and planar optical circuits. A Diffractive Optical Element (DOE) changes wavefronts by redirecting segmented beamlets through phase control. DOE applications include optical computing, laser machining, optical communications, and biological sensors. Precise excisions of 10--30 nm depth are available for the generation of efficient DOEs for the visible and ultraviolet spectrum. F2-laser radiation was applied with beam homogenization optics and high-precision computer-controlled motion stages to shape up to 16-level 256 x 256 pixels DOE devices in bulk glasses, with distinguishable level-to-level spacing of & sim;100 nm and surface roughness of & sim;3 nm. The 1 st order diffraction efficiency was & sim;36--42%. The farfield pattern when illuminated with a HeNe laser agreed well with iterative Fourier Transform algorithm simulations. Future improvements in the laser micromachining process and possible directions are also offered.

How long is Fluoride-laser Microfabrication of Diffractive Optical Elements [microform]?

Fluoride-laser Microfabrication of Diffractive Optical Elements [microform] by Mi Li Ng is 138 pages long, and a total of 35,604 words.

This makes it 47% the length of the average book. It also has 44% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Fluoride-laser Microfabrication of Diffractive Optical Elements [microform] Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 3 hours and 14 minutes to read Fluoride-laser Microfabrication of Diffractive Optical Elements [microform] aloud.

What Reading Level is Fluoride-laser Microfabrication of Diffractive Optical Elements [microform]?

Fluoride-laser Microfabrication of Diffractive Optical Elements [microform] is suitable for students ages 10 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Fluoride-laser Microfabrication of Diffractive Optical Elements [microform]?

Fluoride-laser Microfabrication of Diffractive Optical Elements [microform] by Mi Li Ng is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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