How Long to Read Four Cities

How Long Does it Take to Read Four Cities?

It takes the average reader 5 hours and 44 minutes to read Four Cities by Oliver P. Williams

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

This book attempts to make a comparative analysis of the political process in four middle-sized American cities over the decade 1948-1957. By holding certain factors constant, explanations were sought for policy variations over this time span and in communities of similar size, ranging in population from 50,000 to 70,000. Naming their cities by means of the neutral symbols Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta, the authors embarked upon an extensive program of research involving reading back through the daily newspapers of each city over the ten-year period and conducting extensive interviews, principally among those individuals most likely to be conversant with the city's key issues. An examination of the relationship between policy, the policy process, and general community characteristics provided a focus for the analysis of the data. Running through the gamut of civic activities, the cities' responses were found to vary with respect to urban renewal, park systems, pay scales for city employees, inspection services, and sewage disposal systems. A typology of local political values was applied in terms of four factors: economic growth, provision of life's amenities (that is, comforts as well as necessities), maintenance of traditional services only, and arbitrating among conflicting interests. A framework was thus provided for developing a theory of political decisions at the local level. Four Cities is the result and embodiment of this intensive and highly competent study. Its concluding chapters suggest ways in which community characteristics and institutional arrangements are related to the divergent courses cities take to meet their administrative problems, and the descriptive data throughout the book serve to test various generalizations about local politics made in the literature of political science. Anyone interested in city government—whether as a political scientist, urban sociologist, government researcher, or simply as a taxpayer—will find this book useful and enlightening.

How long is Four Cities?

Four Cities by Oliver P. Williams is 336 pages long, and a total of 86,016 words.

This makes it 113% the length of the average book. It also has 105% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Four Cities Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 7 hours and 50 minutes to read Four Cities aloud.

What Reading Level is Four Cities?

Four Cities is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Four Cities?

Four Cities by Oliver P. Williams is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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