How Long to Read Fractal Analysis of Breast Masses in Mammograms

How Long Does it Take to Read Fractal Analysis of Breast Masses in Mammograms?

It takes the average reader 2 hours to read Fractal Analysis of Breast Masses in Mammograms by Thanh M. Cabral

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Fractal analysis is useful in digital image processing for the characterization of shape roughness and gray-scale texture or complexity. Breast masses present shape and gray-scale characteristics in mammograms that vary between benign masses and malignant tumors. This book demonstrates the use of fractal analysis to classify breast masses as benign masses or malignant tumors based on the irregularity exhibited in their contours and the gray-scale variability exhibited in their mammographic images. A few different approaches are described to estimate the fractal dimension (FD) of the contour of a mass, including the ruler method, box-counting method, and the power spectral analysis (PSA) method. Procedures are also described for the estimation of the FD of the gray-scale image of a mass using the blanket method and the PSA method. To facilitate comparative analysis of FD as a feature for pattern classification of breast masses, several other shape features and texture measures are described in the book. The shape features described include compactness, spiculation index, fractional concavity, and Fourier factor. The texture measures described are statistical measures derived from the gray-level cooccurrence matrix of the given image. Texture measures reveal properties about the spatial distribution of the gray levels in the given image; therefore, the performance of texture measures may be dependent on the resolution of the image. For this reason, an analysis of the effect of spatial resolution or pixel size on texture measures in the classification of breast masses is presented in the book. The results demonstrated in the book indicate that fractal analysis is more suitable for characterization of the shape than the gray-level variations of breast masses, with area under the receiver operating characteristics of up to 0.93 with a dataset of 111 mammographic images of masses. The methods and results presented in the book are useful for computer-aided diagnosis of breast cancer. Table of Contents: Computer-Aided Diagnosis of Breast Cancer / Detection and Analysis of\newline Breast Masses / Datasets of Images of Breast Masses / Methods for Fractal Analysis / Pattern Classification / Results of Classification of Breast Masses / Concluding Remarks

How long is Fractal Analysis of Breast Masses in Mammograms?

Fractal Analysis of Breast Masses in Mammograms by Thanh M. Cabral is 120 pages long, and a total of 30,000 words.

This makes it 40% the length of the average book. It also has 37% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Fractal Analysis of Breast Masses in Mammograms Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 2 hours and 43 minutes to read Fractal Analysis of Breast Masses in Mammograms aloud.

What Reading Level is Fractal Analysis of Breast Masses in Mammograms?

Fractal Analysis of Breast Masses in Mammograms is suitable for students ages 10 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Fractal Analysis of Breast Masses in Mammograms?

Fractal Analysis of Breast Masses in Mammograms by Thanh M. Cabral is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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