How Long to Read Freeze-Drying of Pharmaceutical and Food Products

How Long Does it Take to Read Freeze-Drying of Pharmaceutical and Food Products?

It takes the average reader 4 hours and 40 minutes to read Freeze-Drying of Pharmaceutical and Food Products by Tse-Chao Hua

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Freeze-drying is an important preservation technique for heat-sensitive pharmaceuticals and foods. Products are first frozen, then dried in a vacuum at low temperature by sublimation and desorption, rather than by the application of heat. The resulting items can be stored at room temperature for long periods. This informative text addresses both principles and practice in this area. The first chapter introduces freeze-drying. The authors then review the fundamentals of the technique, heat-mass transfer analyses, modelling of the drying process and the equipment employed. Further chapters focus on freeze-drying of food, freeze-drying of pharmaceuticals and the protective agents and additives applied. The final chapter covers the important subjects of disinfection, sterilization and process validation. Freeze-drying of pharmaceutical and food products is an essential reference for food, pharmaceutical and refrigeration engineers and scientists with an interest in preservation techniques. It will also be of use to students in these fields. Addresses the principles and practices used in this important preservation technique Explains the fundamentals of heat-mass transfer analysis, modelling and the equipment used Discusses the importance of disinfection, sterilization and process validation

How long is Freeze-Drying of Pharmaceutical and Food Products?

Freeze-Drying of Pharmaceutical and Food Products by Tse-Chao Hua is 280 pages long, and a total of 70,000 words.

This makes it 94% the length of the average book. It also has 86% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Freeze-Drying of Pharmaceutical and Food Products Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 6 hours and 22 minutes to read Freeze-Drying of Pharmaceutical and Food Products aloud.

What Reading Level is Freeze-Drying of Pharmaceutical and Food Products?

Freeze-Drying of Pharmaceutical and Food Products is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Freeze-Drying of Pharmaceutical and Food Products?

Freeze-Drying of Pharmaceutical and Food Products by Tse-Chao Hua is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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