How Long to Read French Arms Exports

How Long Does it Take to Read French Arms Exports?

It takes the average reader 2 hours to read French Arms Exports by Lucie Béraud-Sudreau

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

From De Gaulle onwards, France’s strategic independence has been predicated on self-sufficiency in modern weapons. To achieve and maintain the requisite defence-industrial base, in the context of limited domestic orders, Paris sought to promote the export of its arms. During the Cold War, this underpinned but was also an expression of France’s determination to resist bipolar domination. France offered customers around the world an alternative to reliance on one superpower or the other; and in doing so it generated the revenue to support an extensive domestic arms industry. The end of the Cold War ushered in fundamental changes, however: Western defence spending shrank and the global market was turned upside down. While France’s arms-export policy was less affected by human-rights concerns than other democracies, it was not immune to pressures stemming from the consolidation of Europe’s defence-industrial base and the increased interest of the EU in regulating the arms trade. This Adelphi book considers how France has responded to changing political and market circumstances in the way that it promotes and controls the export of weapons. It examines the rationale for considering a liberal arms-export policy as essential to French independence, and the institutional arrangements that underpinned this. It tracks the dramatic changes in the global arms market since 1990, in terms of demand and market competition, and charts the response of the French government to these changes. The book underlines how the French machinery of government, as a directing force behind the defence industry, has been resistant to the notion of export restraint – even in the case of sales to authoritarian regimes. However, it argues that France now faces a dilemma over whether to continue with a long-successful course, or to moderate its independence through greater collaboration to bolster European integration and better compete globally.

How long is French Arms Exports?

French Arms Exports by Lucie Béraud-Sudreau is 117 pages long, and a total of 30,069 words.

This makes it 39% the length of the average book. It also has 37% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read French Arms Exports Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 2 hours and 44 minutes to read French Arms Exports aloud.

What Reading Level is French Arms Exports?

French Arms Exports is suitable for students ages 10 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy French Arms Exports?

French Arms Exports by Lucie Béraud-Sudreau is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

To buy French Arms Exports by Lucie Béraud-Sudreau on Amazon click the button below.