How Long to Read From Financialisation to Innovation in UK Big Pharma

How Long Does it Take to Read From Financialisation to Innovation in UK Big Pharma?

It takes the average reader 2 hours and 46 minutes to read From Financialisation to Innovation in UK Big Pharma by Öner Tulum

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

The tension between innovation and financialisation is central to the business corporation. Innovation entails a 'retain-and-reinvest' allocation regime that can form a foundation for stable and equitable economic growth. Driven by shareholder-value ideology, financialisation entails a shift to 'downsize-and-distribute'. This Element investigates this tension in global pharmaceuticals, focusing on the two leading UK companies AstraZeneca and GlaxoSmithKline. In the 2000s both adopted US-style governance, including stock buybacks and stock-based executive pay. Over the past decade, however, first AstraZeneca and then GlaxoSmithKline transitioned to innovation. Critical was the cessation of buybacks to refocus capabilities on investing in an innovative drugs pipeline. Enabling this shift were UK corporate-governance institutions that mitigated US-style shareholder-value maximisation. Reinventing capitalism for the sake of stable and equitable economic growth means eliminating value destruction caused by financialisation and supporting value creation through collective and cumulative innovation. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

How long is From Financialisation to Innovation in UK Big Pharma?

From Financialisation to Innovation in UK Big Pharma by Öner Tulum is 164 pages long, and a total of 41,656 words.

This makes it 55% the length of the average book. It also has 51% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read From Financialisation to Innovation in UK Big Pharma Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 3 hours and 47 minutes to read From Financialisation to Innovation in UK Big Pharma aloud.

What Reading Level is From Financialisation to Innovation in UK Big Pharma?

From Financialisation to Innovation in UK Big Pharma is suitable for students ages 10 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy From Financialisation to Innovation in UK Big Pharma?

From Financialisation to Innovation in UK Big Pharma by Öner Tulum is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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