How Long to Read Functional Additives for Plastics

How Long Does it Take to Read Functional Additives for Plastics?

It takes the average reader 1 hour and 48 minutes to read Functional Additives for Plastics by P. W. Dufton

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Functional additives are an essential and often expensive part of many polymer formulations - used both to ensure the efficient processing of materials and to enhance the properties of the finished product in some way. Protection against degradants can be provided as well as the means to produce lighter, foamed products or tough flexible ones. Colourants and fillers are also components of a finished artefact which come in a variety of guises to provide the best solutions of a particular customers' requirements. These applications are governed not only by the polymer systems but also by factors such as legislation, consumer pressure, environmental factors and technical developments. Conversely, the markets for additives are strongly related to those for the polymers in which they are used. Additive suppliers are constantly developing new products in response to technological needs within polymer applications and to satisfy ever-increasing environmental requirements and health and safety standards. A variety of the functional additives currently used in plastics are the subject of environmental concerns e.g. the use of heavy metals in stabilisers and pigments. In addition, health and safety concerns over dust are driving the increased use of additive concentrates or masterbatches. Overall, therefore, this is an area of growing importance and change for the both the polymer industry and additive suppliers. The current review has looked at the effect of the changes in the marketplace on the trends in additives used for the processing and efficient functioning of plastic polymers. The report starts with an executive summary in chapter 2 and is followed by a discussion of the different families of additive materials and their major uses in Chapter 3. Chapter 4 covers product development and general applications. Chapter 5 reviews the suppliers of additives and the change in consumption of the materials by the resin suppliers, polymer compounders and converters. Chapter 6 covers developments in resins and polymer markets which impinge on the uses of additives and Chapter 7 discusses points on legislation which are relevant to a range of additives. An Appendix lists suppliers of additives and a quick reference to their products, by use of the code system utilised in the "European Plastics Directory" published by Rapra Technology.

How long is Functional Additives for Plastics?

Functional Additives for Plastics by P. W. Dufton is 106 pages long, and a total of 27,136 words.

This makes it 36% the length of the average book. It also has 33% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Functional Additives for Plastics Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 2 hours and 28 minutes to read Functional Additives for Plastics aloud.

What Reading Level is Functional Additives for Plastics?

Functional Additives for Plastics is suitable for students ages 10 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Functional Additives for Plastics?

Functional Additives for Plastics by P. W. Dufton is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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