How Long to Read Gauge Symmetries, Symmetry Breaking, and Gauge-Invariant Approaches

How Long Does it Take to Read Gauge Symmetries, Symmetry Breaking, and Gauge-Invariant Approaches?

It takes the average reader 2 hours and 5 minutes to read Gauge Symmetries, Symmetry Breaking, and Gauge-Invariant Approaches by Philipp Berghofer

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Gauge symmetries play a central role, both in the mathematical foundations as well as the conceptual construction of modern (particle) physics theories. However, it is yet unclear whether they form a necessary component of theories, or whether they can be eliminated. It is also unclear whether they are merely an auxiliary tool to simplify (and possibly localize) calculations or whether they contain independent information. Therefore their status, both in physics and philosophy of physics, remains to be fully clarified. This Element reviews the current state of affairs on both the philosophy and the physics side. In particular, it focuses on the circumstances in which the restriction of gauge theories to gauge invariant information on an observable level is warranted, using the Brout-Englert-Higgs theory as an example of particular current importance. Finally, the authors determine a set of yet to be answered questions to clarify the status of gauge symmetries.

How long is Gauge Symmetries, Symmetry Breaking, and Gauge-Invariant Approaches?

Gauge Symmetries, Symmetry Breaking, and Gauge-Invariant Approaches by Philipp Berghofer is 124 pages long, and a total of 31,496 words.

This makes it 42% the length of the average book. It also has 38% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Gauge Symmetries, Symmetry Breaking, and Gauge-Invariant Approaches Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 2 hours and 52 minutes to read Gauge Symmetries, Symmetry Breaking, and Gauge-Invariant Approaches aloud.

What Reading Level is Gauge Symmetries, Symmetry Breaking, and Gauge-Invariant Approaches?

Gauge Symmetries, Symmetry Breaking, and Gauge-Invariant Approaches is suitable for students ages 10 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Gauge Symmetries, Symmetry Breaking, and Gauge-Invariant Approaches?

Gauge Symmetries, Symmetry Breaking, and Gauge-Invariant Approaches by Philipp Berghofer is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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