How Long to Read Global Area Disturbed and Pressures on Biodiversity by Large-Scale Metal Mining

How Long Does it Take to Read Global Area Disturbed and Pressures on Biodiversity by Large-Scale Metal Mining?

It takes the average reader 6 hours and 30 minutes to read Global Area Disturbed and Pressures on Biodiversity by Large-Scale Metal Mining by Diego I. Murguía

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

The rising global demand for metals in a context of declining ore grades is driving the opening of new mines and the expansion of existing ones, disturbing substantial land areas (especially by open pits). However, how much land is currently disturbed globally? How much land could be disturbed by metal mining in 2050? This study investigates the global area disturbed by mining of iron, bauxite, copper, gold, and silver for the first time. The first part consists of the calculation of the specific land requirements, i.e. the area newly disturbed caused by the ore extraction at the mine site. The second part addresses the global area disturbed in the year 2011 whereas the third presents scenarios of how such area might evolve until 2050. The last part addresses the current and future pressures on global biodiversity by metal mines and shows possibilities for the future opening of new mines in low biodiversity areas, alleviating pressures in high biodiversity ones. This study presents the findings of the author´s dissertation hoping they are used as a frame to develop policies and incentives to reduce the amount of area directly disturbed by mines and their pressures on biodiversity.

How long is Global Area Disturbed and Pressures on Biodiversity by Large-Scale Metal Mining?

Global Area Disturbed and Pressures on Biodiversity by Large-Scale Metal Mining by Diego I. Murguía is 378 pages long, and a total of 97,524 words.

This makes it 128% the length of the average book. It also has 119% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Global Area Disturbed and Pressures on Biodiversity by Large-Scale Metal Mining Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 8 hours and 52 minutes to read Global Area Disturbed and Pressures on Biodiversity by Large-Scale Metal Mining aloud.

What Reading Level is Global Area Disturbed and Pressures on Biodiversity by Large-Scale Metal Mining?

Global Area Disturbed and Pressures on Biodiversity by Large-Scale Metal Mining is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Global Area Disturbed and Pressures on Biodiversity by Large-Scale Metal Mining?

Global Area Disturbed and Pressures on Biodiversity by Large-Scale Metal Mining by Diego I. Murguía is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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