How Long to Read Gold as International Reserves: A Barbarous Relic No More?

How Long Does it Take to Read Gold as International Reserves: A Barbarous Relic No More??

It takes the average reader and 38 minutes to read Gold as International Reserves: A Barbarous Relic No More? by Mr. Serkan Arslanalp

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

After moving slowly downward for the better part of four decades, central bank gold holdings have risen since the Global Financial Crisis. We identify 14 “active diversifiers,” defined as countries that purchased gold and raised its share in total reserves by at least 5 percentage points over the last two decades. In contrast to the diversification of foreign currency reserves, which has been undertaken by advanced and developing country central banks alike, active diversifiers into gold are exclusively emerging markets. We document two sets of factors contributing to this trend. First, gold appeals to central bank reserve managers as a safe haven in periods of economic, financial and geopolitical volatility, when the return on alternative financial assets is low. Second, the imposition of financial sanctions by the United States, United Kingdom, European Union and Japan, the main reserve-issuing economies, is associated with an increase in the share of central bank reserves held in the form of gold. There is some evidence that multilateral sanctions imposed by these, and other countries have a larger impact than unilateral sanctions on the share of reserves held in gold, since the latter leave scope for shifting reserves into the currencies of other non-sanctioning countries.

How long is Gold as International Reserves: A Barbarous Relic No More??

Gold as International Reserves: A Barbarous Relic No More? by Mr. Serkan Arslanalp is 37 pages long, and a total of 9,509 words.

This makes it 12% the length of the average book. It also has 12% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Gold as International Reserves: A Barbarous Relic No More? Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes and 51 minutes to read Gold as International Reserves: A Barbarous Relic No More? aloud.

What Reading Level is Gold as International Reserves: A Barbarous Relic No More??

Gold as International Reserves: A Barbarous Relic No More? is suitable for students ages 8 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Gold as International Reserves: A Barbarous Relic No More??

Gold as International Reserves: A Barbarous Relic No More? by Mr. Serkan Arslanalp is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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