How Long to Read Green synthesis of copper and zinc nanoparticles from plant extracts and evaluation of their antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum cubense: an overview

How Long Does it Take to Read Green synthesis of copper and zinc nanoparticles from plant extracts and evaluation of their antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum cubense: an overview?

It takes the average reader 2 hours and 21 minutes to read Green synthesis of copper and zinc nanoparticles from plant extracts and evaluation of their antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum cubense: an overview by Prem Jose Vazhacharickal

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Soil borne diseases which are caused to various plants include a wide variety of soil microbes like fungi and bacteria, among which Fusarium wilt is one such disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum cubense in banana plants. Wilt disease or the panama disease of plant is among the most destructive disease of banana in the tropics and even the control methods like field sanitation, soil treatments and crop rotations have not been a long term control for this disease. An alternative method of treating Fusarium oxysporum was adopted by using various natural plant leaves of Chromolaena odorata, Justicia adhatoda, Glycosmis pentaphylla, Azadirachta indica, Gliricidia sepium, Piper nigrum, Ocimum tenuiflorum and Tabernaemontana divaricate. Nanoparticles are small particles with a dimension of 10-9 and 10-10. Green synthesis is a new method developed for the synthesis of nanoparticles which is small in size, large surface area and eco- friendly. Leaf extracts of these plants were used for synthesis of copper and zinc nanoparticles, as nanoparticles are powerful antimicrobial agents. The extract is prepared with a stock solution of 100mM copper sulphate and 100mM zinc sulphate. The leaf extracts were prepared with 5 solvents (Distilled water, Propane, Hexane, Acetone and Methanol). The action of plant leaves were observed by the zone of inhibition obtained with a concentration of 50, 100 and 150µl respectively. The result was more in copper nanoparticles of leaf extract as compared to the zinc nanoparticles of particular leaf extracts but the zinc particles with methanol and propane showed good result with particular leaves. In dried condition of leaves copper nanoparticles with propane as solvent exhibited a greater zone of inhibition. Moreover the solvent, methanol showed good results with both zinc and copper nanoparticles. The synthesized nanoparticle were characterized by UV-VIS spectrophotometry to confirm the formation of nanoparticles. Green synthesis is used namely because of low cost, simple, use of less toxic materials, most important is eco-friendly.

How long is Green synthesis of copper and zinc nanoparticles from plant extracts and evaluation of their antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum cubense: an overview?

Green synthesis of copper and zinc nanoparticles from plant extracts and evaluation of their antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum cubense: an overview by Prem Jose Vazhacharickal is 141 pages long, and a total of 35,391 words.

This makes it 48% the length of the average book. It also has 43% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Green synthesis of copper and zinc nanoparticles from plant extracts and evaluation of their antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum cubense: an overview Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 3 hours and 13 minutes to read Green synthesis of copper and zinc nanoparticles from plant extracts and evaluation of their antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum cubense: an overview aloud.

What Reading Level is Green synthesis of copper and zinc nanoparticles from plant extracts and evaluation of their antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum cubense: an overview?

Green synthesis of copper and zinc nanoparticles from plant extracts and evaluation of their antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum cubense: an overview is suitable for students ages 10 and up.

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