How Long to Read Grinding and Grinding Machines

How Long Does it Take to Read Grinding and Grinding Machines?

It takes the average reader and 52 minutes to read Grinding and Grinding Machines by Oskar Kylin

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

GRINDING AND GRINDING MACHINES Machinery's Reference Series Contents Types of Grinding Machines Principles of Grinding, by Oskar Kylin Economy in Grinding, by John J. Thacher The Disk Grinder Grinding Kinks and Examples of Grinding Cost of Grinding, by H. F. Noyes The Bursting of Emery Wheels Chapter 1 Excerpt History of the Universal Grinding Machine The universal grinding machine has had so great an influence on modern machine shop methods, and has done so much to raise the standard of workmanship and to increase the economy of production that a few words relating to the history of the development of this machine may be of interest. The origin of the modern universal grinding machine is found in the crude grinding lathes of the early sixties. Mr. Joseph R. Brown, senior member of the firm now known as the Brown & Sharpe Mfg. Co., was intimately connected with the development of these grinding lathes into the universal grinding machine. The grinding lathe, as first built at the Brown & Sharpe Mfg. Co.'s works, was intended for the accurate and economical manufacture of the company's own products, and there was no idea of putting the machines on the market. In this respect the origin and development of the grinding machine was very much like the origin and development of the universal milling machine. The first work for which the grinding machines were designed was for grinding needle bars, foot bars and shafts of the Wilcox & Gibbs sewing machines. The first machine was built in 1864 and 1865, and one of these early machines is still in use in the Brown & Sharpe works. Cylindrical grinding, however, was done at the Brown & Sharpe works as early as 1862, this being indicated by the existence of drawings of a back-rest, dated September 22, 1862, which contains the essential features of a solid grinding machine back-rest of to-day. These early machines were not grinding machines in the present meaning of the word, but were grinding lathes using, to a considerable extent, the parts of a 14-inch Putnam lathe. A great number of these were sold both in this country and abroad. Mr. Brown, however, realized the need of building a new machine designed especially for grinding, and in 1868 the design for such a machine was made. This design shows a machine containing most of the essential elements of the universal grinding machine of to-day. None of these machines were built at this time, however, on account of the pressure of other matters, and it was first in 1874 that working drawings were made for a complete machine containing practically all the features of the modern universal grinding machine. The first of these machines was exhibited at the Centennial Exposition in... ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Windham Press is committed to bringing the lost cultural heritage of ages past into the 21st century through high-quality reproductions of original, classic printed works at affordable prices. This book has been carefully crafted to utilize the original images of antique books rather than error-prone OCR text. This also preserves the work of the original typesetters of these classics, unknown craftsmen who laid out the text, often by hand, of each and every page you will read. Their subtle art involving judgment and interaction with the text is in many ways superior and more human than the mechanical methods utilized today, and gave each book a unique, hand-crafted feel in its text that connected the reader organically to the art of bindery and book-making. We think these benefits are worth the occasional imperfection resulting from the age of these books at the time of scanning, and their vintage feel provides a connection to the past that goes beyond the mere words of the text.

How long is Grinding and Grinding Machines?

Grinding and Grinding Machines by Oskar Kylin is 52 pages long, and a total of 13,104 words.

This makes it 18% the length of the average book. It also has 16% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Grinding and Grinding Machines Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 1 hour and 11 minutes to read Grinding and Grinding Machines aloud.

What Reading Level is Grinding and Grinding Machines?

Grinding and Grinding Machines is suitable for students ages 8 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Grinding and Grinding Machines?

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