How Long to Read Hollowing Out: The Channels of Income Polarization in the United States

How Long Does it Take to Read Hollowing Out: The Channels of Income Polarization in the United States?

It takes the average reader 1 hour and 7 minutes to read Hollowing Out: The Channels of Income Polarization in the United States by Ali Alichi

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Data show that middle-income households have continued moving down, and less so up, the income distribution in the United States since the 1970s—a phenomenon that is often referred to as the polarization or “hollowing out” of the income distribution. While the level of income polarization is generally lower in the richer states (i.e., those with higher median household income levels), there have been wide variations in the changes in income polarization over time across states. The paper develops two indices to measure income polarization including a novel hollowing-out index. Another important contribution of the paper is to examine the proximate causes of income polarization. The econometric analysis is done at both state and household levels. The results suggest that technology, measured by job routinization, and international trade, measured by job offshoring, can fully explain the non-trend rise in income polarization, with broadly equal contributions. Household characteristics, including age, education, race, and gender have also been important drivers but with a net countervailing effect on income polarization. This is mainly thanks to the rising education level of households, which has led to better incomes.

How long is Hollowing Out: The Channels of Income Polarization in the United States?

Hollowing Out: The Channels of Income Polarization in the United States by Ali Alichi is 66 pages long, and a total of 16,896 words.

This makes it 22% the length of the average book. It also has 21% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Hollowing Out: The Channels of Income Polarization in the United States Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 1 hour and 32 minutes to read Hollowing Out: The Channels of Income Polarization in the United States aloud.

What Reading Level is Hollowing Out: The Channels of Income Polarization in the United States?

Hollowing Out: The Channels of Income Polarization in the United States is suitable for students ages 8 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Hollowing Out: The Channels of Income Polarization in the United States?

Hollowing Out: The Channels of Income Polarization in the United States by Ali Alichi is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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