How Long to Read Immune Mechanisms of Pain and Analgesia

How Long Does it Take to Read Immune Mechanisms of Pain and Analgesia?

It takes the average reader 3 hours and 3 minutes to read Immune Mechanisms of Pain and Analgesia by Halina Machelska

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Immune Mechanisms of Pain and Analgesia is the first volume to discuss a new concept of immune-neural interplays leading to pain or analgesia. It argues the classical view that pain and its control are restricted to the nervous system, offering a comprehensive overview of the emerging area of immune mechanisms in pain and its control. It challenges the traditional view that pain sensation or suppression is attributed exclusively to the nervous system and presents a critical analysis of this new concept. The book is written by an internationally recognized group of researchers and discusses complex and controversial issues such as cytokines and their pain-exacerbating but also analgesic effects, the production of opioids by immune cells, peripheral analgesic and anti-inflammatory actions of opioids, immunomodulatory effects of opiates, and immunosuppressive effects of pain.

How long is Immune Mechanisms of Pain and Analgesia?

Immune Mechanisms of Pain and Analgesia by Halina Machelska is 178 pages long, and a total of 45,924 words.

This makes it 60% the length of the average book. It also has 56% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Immune Mechanisms of Pain and Analgesia Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 4 hours and 10 minutes to read Immune Mechanisms of Pain and Analgesia aloud.

What Reading Level is Immune Mechanisms of Pain and Analgesia?

Immune Mechanisms of Pain and Analgesia is suitable for students ages 10 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Immune Mechanisms of Pain and Analgesia?

Immune Mechanisms of Pain and Analgesia by Halina Machelska is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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