How Long to Read Impact of Wave Action and Rainfall on Incidence and Antibiotic Resistance of Total Coliforms in Southern California Beaches

How Long Does it Take to Read Impact of Wave Action and Rainfall on Incidence and Antibiotic Resistance of Total Coliforms in Southern California Beaches?

It takes the average reader and 51 minutes to read Impact of Wave Action and Rainfall on Incidence and Antibiotic Resistance of Total Coliforms in Southern California Beaches by Rebecca Hernandez

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Abstract: Coliforms are important markers of bacterial contamination in recreational waters and have sometimes been reported as antibiotic resistant. Antibiotic resistance may be affected by rain and pollution. Little is known about the antibiotic resistance of coliforms from Southern California beaches. This project examined the numbers of coliforms as well as incidence of antibiotic resistant coliforms in beaches with restricted and non-restricted wave action following dry and wet weather. Samples were collected from the shores of beaches with restricted and non-restricted wave action following dry and wet weather. Total coliforms were selected by membrane filtration onto mEndo agar and then enumerated. Randomly selected isolates from each location were screened for resistance to nine antibiotics by the disk diffusion method and the multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index was calculated. Select isolates were subject to minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing to define degree of ampicillin resistance. Numbers of total coliforms were significantly higher following rain compared to dry weather. Total coliforms were not significantly elevated at non-restricted wave action sites. Restricted wave action sites had a 78.45% increase in MAR index following wet weather compared to dry weather. Resistance to ampicillin was observed in almost 50% of isolates and was not significantly impacted by wave action or weather. This study is the first to report on antibiotic resistance of coliforms found in Southern California beaches and highlights that ampicillin resistance is widespread.

How long is Impact of Wave Action and Rainfall on Incidence and Antibiotic Resistance of Total Coliforms in Southern California Beaches?

Impact of Wave Action and Rainfall on Incidence and Antibiotic Resistance of Total Coliforms in Southern California Beaches by Rebecca Hernandez is 51 pages long, and a total of 12,801 words.

This makes it 17% the length of the average book. It also has 16% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Impact of Wave Action and Rainfall on Incidence and Antibiotic Resistance of Total Coliforms in Southern California Beaches Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 1 hour and 9 minutes to read Impact of Wave Action and Rainfall on Incidence and Antibiotic Resistance of Total Coliforms in Southern California Beaches aloud.

What Reading Level is Impact of Wave Action and Rainfall on Incidence and Antibiotic Resistance of Total Coliforms in Southern California Beaches?

Impact of Wave Action and Rainfall on Incidence and Antibiotic Resistance of Total Coliforms in Southern California Beaches is suitable for students ages 8 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Impact of Wave Action and Rainfall on Incidence and Antibiotic Resistance of Total Coliforms in Southern California Beaches?

Impact of Wave Action and Rainfall on Incidence and Antibiotic Resistance of Total Coliforms in Southern California Beaches by Rebecca Hernandez is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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