How Long to Read Impacts of Point Polluters on Terrestrial Biota

How Long Does it Take to Read Impacts of Point Polluters on Terrestrial Biota?

It takes the average reader 7 hours and 57 minutes to read Impacts of Point Polluters on Terrestrial Biota by Mikhail Kozlov

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

The adverse consequences of pollution impact on terrestrial ecosystems have been under careful investigation since the beginning of the twentieth century. Several thousand case studies have documented the biotic effects occurring in contaminated areas. However, after more than a century of research, ecologists are still far from understanding the effects of pollution on biota. Only a few generalisations have been made on the basis of extensive monitoring programs and numerous expe- ments with industrial contaminants. The need to reveal general patterns in the responses of terrestrial biota to ind- trial pollution and to identify the sources of variation in these responses became obvious more than a decade ago. At about that time, our team initiated a quanti- tive research synthesis of the biotic effects caused by industrial pollution, based on 1 a meta-analysis of published data. All meta-analyses conducted so far (covering diversity and abundance of soil microfungi, diversity of vascular plants, diversity and abundance of terrestrial arthropods, and plant growth and reproduction) c- sistently showed high heterogeneity in the responses of terrestrial biota to industrial pollution. At the same time, they demonstrated an unexpected shortage of infor- tion suitable for meta-analyses, as well as a considerable influence of methodology of primary studies on the outcome of the research syntheses. To overcome the identified problems, we designed a comparative study, the results of which are reported in this book.

How long is Impacts of Point Polluters on Terrestrial Biota?

Impacts of Point Polluters on Terrestrial Biota by Mikhail Kozlov is 466 pages long, and a total of 119,296 words.

This makes it 157% the length of the average book. It also has 146% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Impacts of Point Polluters on Terrestrial Biota Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 10 hours and 51 minutes to read Impacts of Point Polluters on Terrestrial Biota aloud.

What Reading Level is Impacts of Point Polluters on Terrestrial Biota?

Impacts of Point Polluters on Terrestrial Biota is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Impacts of Point Polluters on Terrestrial Biota?

Impacts of Point Polluters on Terrestrial Biota by Mikhail Kozlov is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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