How Long to Read Impacts of Shallow Geothermal Energy on Groundwater Quality

How Long Does it Take to Read Impacts of Shallow Geothermal Energy on Groundwater Quality?

It takes the average reader 2 hours and 29 minutes to read Impacts of Shallow Geothermal Energy on Groundwater Quality by Matthijs Bonte

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

The use of shallow geothermal energy (SGE) systems to acclimatize buildings has increased exponentially in the Netherlands and worldwide. In certain areas, SGE systems are constructed in aquifers also used for drinking water supply raising the question of potential groundwater quality impact. Impacts of Shallow Geothermal Energy on Groundwater Quality provides a hydrochemical and geomicrobial overview of the effects of ground source heat pumps and aquifer thermal energy storage. The area is investigated with field and laboratory experiments, and reactive transport models, showing that shallow geothermal energy systems can influence groundwater quality in a number of ways. Most prominent in open ground source heating systems operating at low temperature (20°C) is the physical mixing of deep and shallow groundwater of different quality distorting the natural water quality stratification in aquifers. At a temperature of 25°C and beyond certain trace elements were observed to mobilize in laboratory experiments, and beyond 40°C redox conditions change significantly while the microbial community shift towards a thermophilic community. div Based on the results of this research, guidelines are presented for monitoring and permitting of SGE systems. The book is a useful resource for regulators of these systems, water companies and installers of the SGE systems. Author: Matthijs Bonte, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

How long is Impacts of Shallow Geothermal Energy on Groundwater Quality?

Impacts of Shallow Geothermal Energy on Groundwater Quality by Matthijs Bonte is 146 pages long, and a total of 37,376 words.

This makes it 49% the length of the average book. It also has 46% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Impacts of Shallow Geothermal Energy on Groundwater Quality Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 3 hours and 24 minutes to read Impacts of Shallow Geothermal Energy on Groundwater Quality aloud.

What Reading Level is Impacts of Shallow Geothermal Energy on Groundwater Quality?

Impacts of Shallow Geothermal Energy on Groundwater Quality is suitable for students ages 10 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Impacts of Shallow Geothermal Energy on Groundwater Quality?

Impacts of Shallow Geothermal Energy on Groundwater Quality by Matthijs Bonte is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

To buy Impacts of Shallow Geothermal Energy on Groundwater Quality by Matthijs Bonte on Amazon click the button below.