How Long to Read Improving Livelihoods of Smallholder Families Through Increased Productivity of Coffee-based Farming Systems in the Highlands of PNG

How Long Does it Take to Read Improving Livelihoods of Smallholder Families Through Increased Productivity of Coffee-based Farming Systems in the Highlands of PNG?

It takes the average reader 1 hour and 32 minutes to read Improving Livelihoods of Smallholder Families Through Increased Productivity of Coffee-based Farming Systems in the Highlands of PNG by George Nicolas Curry

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

"This project aimed to develop new farmer-driven extension models involving partnerships between the public and commercial sectors to improve nutrient management, extension delivery and the mobilisation of labour for coffee production. Coffee is PNG's second largest agricultural export after oil palm, although it employs far more people; 370,000 households (2.5 million people) produce coffee in 12 provinces. Despite coffee's economic importance for rural livelihoods, annual national production over the last 10 years has stagnated at around one million bags. Like other commodity tree crops, plantation production has declined since the 1980s. Smallholders have steadily increased their share of total national production to over 85%, but smallholder yields have fallen and coffee quality is poor. Plantation yields of green beans are almost twice as high as smallholder yields, indicating that better maintenance of coffee gardens and higher rates of harvesting can considerably improve productivity and incomes. This project integrated nutrient management, extension and socioeconomic factors into the examination and analysis of smallholder production. Its research approach recognised how coffee production is embedded in agricultural, social, and economic systems that influence smallholder families' decisions."--Website.

How long is Improving Livelihoods of Smallholder Families Through Increased Productivity of Coffee-based Farming Systems in the Highlands of PNG?

Improving Livelihoods of Smallholder Families Through Increased Productivity of Coffee-based Farming Systems in the Highlands of PNG by George Nicolas Curry is 92 pages long, and a total of 23,184 words.

This makes it 31% the length of the average book. It also has 28% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Improving Livelihoods of Smallholder Families Through Increased Productivity of Coffee-based Farming Systems in the Highlands of PNG Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 2 hours and 6 minutes to read Improving Livelihoods of Smallholder Families Through Increased Productivity of Coffee-based Farming Systems in the Highlands of PNG aloud.

What Reading Level is Improving Livelihoods of Smallholder Families Through Increased Productivity of Coffee-based Farming Systems in the Highlands of PNG?

Improving Livelihoods of Smallholder Families Through Increased Productivity of Coffee-based Farming Systems in the Highlands of PNG is suitable for students ages 10 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Improving Livelihoods of Smallholder Families Through Increased Productivity of Coffee-based Farming Systems in the Highlands of PNG?

Improving Livelihoods of Smallholder Families Through Increased Productivity of Coffee-based Farming Systems in the Highlands of PNG by George Nicolas Curry is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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