How Long to Read Insect Vectors and Plant Pathogens

How Long Does it Take to Read Insect Vectors and Plant Pathogens?

It takes the average reader 7 hours and 50 minutes to read Insect Vectors and Plant Pathogens by Nachhattar Singh Butter

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

The history of pathogens and vectors, unique symptoms of diseases and economic importance of important viral diseases have been dealt with in the introductory chapter of this book. While highlighting the role of arthropods, nematodes, and fungi; other agents of the spread of plant pathogens have also been included. Important aspects of insect vectors with direct bearing on transmission, i.e. vector identification, biology, feeding apparatus, and mechanism of spread including control of pathogens through vectors are covered comprehensively. As aphids and other hemipterous insects are major insect vectors, the book stresses on this order. There is a focus on the transmission of determinants under different categories of the transmission mechanism. The transmission determinant paradigm comprising coat protein and helper component has been expounded with recent cases. A brief description of new diseases at least one from each genus of plant viruses has been included in this compendium to elucidate the interaction of vector and virus. Phytoplasmal etiology of pathogens has been detailed separately on account of their importance. The transmission of plant viruses through insects with biting and chewing type of mouth parts has been discussed in detail as separate chapter. The latest research in the field of mites, nematodes, and fungi as vectors of plant viruses has been included. How the phytotoxemia is different from other crop disorders, has been critically explained with support from suitable and common examples of crop disorders. The book also highlights the effects of plant viruses on their vectors. An account of classification of plant viruses has also been given for better understanding of subject matter. Likewise, the information on the electron microscope along with its use has been included so as to define the procedure of examining sub-microscopic entities. The latest developments in the management of plant pathogens through vector management have been discussed with special reference to the use of biotechnology, crop protection, and plant resistance. The book will be of value to the teachers and to researchers. It will also be useful for extension workers in managing crop disorders. Students and researchers of entomology, plant pathology, plant protection and virology disciplines will obtain the latest in the field, through this book.

How long is Insect Vectors and Plant Pathogens?

Insect Vectors and Plant Pathogens by Nachhattar Singh Butter is 470 pages long, and a total of 117,500 words.

This makes it 159% the length of the average book. It also has 144% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Insect Vectors and Plant Pathogens Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 10 hours and 42 minutes to read Insect Vectors and Plant Pathogens aloud.

What Reading Level is Insect Vectors and Plant Pathogens?

Insect Vectors and Plant Pathogens is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Insect Vectors and Plant Pathogens?

Insect Vectors and Plant Pathogens by Nachhattar Singh Butter is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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