How Long to Read Introduction to Biological and Small Molecule Drug Research and Development

How Long Does it Take to Read Introduction to Biological and Small Molecule Drug Research and Development?

It takes the average reader 7 hours and 55 minutes to read Introduction to Biological and Small Molecule Drug Research and Development by Denis Mulleman

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Parallel studies in septic shock and cancer led to the discovery of the endogenous factors named cachectin and tumour necrosis factor (TNF), respectively, that were shown to be structurally and functionally similar. Further studies identified two forms of TNF, TNF-α and TNF-β. The anticipation that specific anti-TNF antibody might have therapeutic potential in the resolution of sepsis was not realized; however, anti-TNF-α agents have been shown to have dramatic therapeutic efficacy in a number of inflammatory diseases. Currently, there are five anti-TNF agents approved that are equally effective in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis but exhibit differing efficacy in other inflammatory conditions. Three are full-length immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti-TNF-α antibodies, one is an anti-TNF-α Fab fragment and another, a TNF receptor–Fc fusion protein. Their different structures reflect recent advances in our ability to apply genetic engineering for patient benefit.

How long is Introduction to Biological and Small Molecule Drug Research and Development?

Introduction to Biological and Small Molecule Drug Research and Development by Denis Mulleman is 472 pages long, and a total of 118,944 words.

This makes it 159% the length of the average book. It also has 145% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Introduction to Biological and Small Molecule Drug Research and Development Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 10 hours and 49 minutes to read Introduction to Biological and Small Molecule Drug Research and Development aloud.

What Reading Level is Introduction to Biological and Small Molecule Drug Research and Development?

Introduction to Biological and Small Molecule Drug Research and Development is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Introduction to Biological and Small Molecule Drug Research and Development?

Introduction to Biological and Small Molecule Drug Research and Development by Denis Mulleman is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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