How Long to Read Isoquinolines And Beta-Carbolines As Neurotoxins And Neuroprotectants

How Long Does it Take to Read Isoquinolines And Beta-Carbolines As Neurotoxins And Neuroprotectants?

It takes the average reader 3 hours and 3 minutes to read Isoquinolines And Beta-Carbolines As Neurotoxins And Neuroprotectants by Lucyna Antkiewicz-Michaluk

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

The specific topic, “Isoquinolines And Beta-Carbolines As Neurotoxins And Neuroprotectants – New Perspectives In Parkinson`S Disease Therapy,” was chosen in light of accumulating neurobiological evidence indicating that, in addition to exogenous neurotoxins (e.g., 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine [MPTP]), endogenous compounds may play an important role in the most common neurodegenerative disorders (e.g., Parkinson`s disease). Two groups of amine related compounds, which appeared chemically like MPTP, were detected in human brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF): ß-carbolines (BCs) and tetrahydroisoquinolines (TIQs). These are heterocyclic compounds formed endogenously from phenylalanine/tyrosine (TIQs) and tryptophan, tryptamine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine (BCs), respectively and exert a wide spectrum of psychopharmacological and behavioral effects. The TIQs and BCs may bind to their own high affinity sites on neuronal membranes associated with or located close to the receptors of neurotransmitters. Research on TIQs and BCs is stimulated also by their possible role in pathological conditions, especially parkinsonism and alcoholism. Recently, clinical interest has been spurred by their role as neuroprotective, and even neurorestorative, anticonvulsant and antiaddictive, substances. In this book we are going to summarize, for the first time, the results from behavioral, neurochemical and molecular experiments, which demonstrate a wide spectrum of TIQs and BCs effects - from their rather mild neurotoxic actions to the important neuroprotective and antiaddictive properties. Additionally, the recent results of experimental studies in vivo have allowed a much better understanding and simultaneous comparison of the neurochemical and molecular mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective and neurotoxic actions of endogenous TIQs and BCs and have pointed to the possibility of their therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease.

How long is Isoquinolines And Beta-Carbolines As Neurotoxins And Neuroprotectants?

Isoquinolines And Beta-Carbolines As Neurotoxins And Neuroprotectants by Lucyna Antkiewicz-Michaluk is 178 pages long, and a total of 45,924 words.

This makes it 60% the length of the average book. It also has 56% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Isoquinolines And Beta-Carbolines As Neurotoxins And Neuroprotectants Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 4 hours and 10 minutes to read Isoquinolines And Beta-Carbolines As Neurotoxins And Neuroprotectants aloud.

What Reading Level is Isoquinolines And Beta-Carbolines As Neurotoxins And Neuroprotectants?

Isoquinolines And Beta-Carbolines As Neurotoxins And Neuroprotectants is suitable for students ages 10 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Isoquinolines And Beta-Carbolines As Neurotoxins And Neuroprotectants?

Isoquinolines And Beta-Carbolines As Neurotoxins And Neuroprotectants by Lucyna Antkiewicz-Michaluk is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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