How Long to Read Lactic acid fermentation of human excreta for agricultural application

How Long Does it Take to Read Lactic acid fermentation of human excreta for agricultural application?

It takes the average reader 3 hours and 23 minutes to read Lactic acid fermentation of human excreta for agricultural application by Nadejda Andreev

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Human excreta is a valuable fertilizer for improving soil quality and crop productivity, with a potential to replace or complement the mineral fertilizers. The main challenges related to human excreta regarding agricultural applications are microbial contamination risks, loss of nutrients, and odor issues. Fertilization by lacto-fermented faeces supplemented by biochar has benefits such as improved soil bulk density, nitrate and potassium concentrations as well as the yield and yield components of corn, compared to untreated, simple stored faeces, urine, cattle manure, and unfertilized controls. Even though the mineral fertilizer produced corn with significantly higher height and leaf length, it did not add significantly higher yields than lacto-fermented faeces supplemented by biochar. A faeces treatment process by combined lacto-fermentation with thermophilic composting and biochar supplementation had better reduction of coliforms, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis and Clostridium perfringens, and higher germination of radish and growth of tomatoes than combined lacto-fermentation with vermicomposting. Urine lacto-fermentation contributed to a pH reduction below 4, a decrease in the ammonium concentration and odor strength, as well as an increase in the germination rates compared to untreated stored urine. The results of this study provide important information that can set the basis for scaling up a sustainable technology for the treatment of source separated human excreta while improving its potential for resource recovery.

How long is Lactic acid fermentation of human excreta for agricultural application?

Lactic acid fermentation of human excreta for agricultural application by Nadejda Andreev is 202 pages long, and a total of 50,904 words.

This makes it 68% the length of the average book. It also has 62% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Lactic acid fermentation of human excreta for agricultural application Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 4 hours and 38 minutes to read Lactic acid fermentation of human excreta for agricultural application aloud.

What Reading Level is Lactic acid fermentation of human excreta for agricultural application?

Lactic acid fermentation of human excreta for agricultural application is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Lactic acid fermentation of human excreta for agricultural application?

Lactic acid fermentation of human excreta for agricultural application by Nadejda Andreev is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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