How Long to Read Lagrangian Optics

How Long Does it Take to Read Lagrangian Optics?

It takes the average reader 3 hours and 53 minutes to read Lagrangian Optics by V. Lakshminarayanan

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Ingeometrical optics, light propagation is analyzed in terms of light rays which define the path of propagation of light energy in the limitofthe optical wavelength tending to zero. Many features oflight propagation can be analyzed in terms ofrays,ofcourse, subtle effects near foci, caustics or turning points would need an analysis based on the wave natureoflight. Allofgeometric optics can be derived from Fermat's principle which is an extremum principle. The counterpart in classical mechanics is of course Hamilton's principle. There is a very close analogy between mechanics ofparticles and optics oflight rays. Much insight (and useful results) can be obtained by analyzing these analogies. Asnoted by H. Goldstein in his book Classical Mechanics (Addison Wesley, Cambridge, MA, 1956), classical mechanics is only a geometrical optics approximation to a wave theory! In this book we begin with Fermat's principle and obtain the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian pictures of ray propagation through various media. Given the current interest and activity in optical fibers and optical communication, analysis of light propagation in inhomogeneous media is dealt with in great detail. The past decade has witnessed great advances in adaptive optics and compensation for optical aberrations. The formalism described herein can be used to calculate aberrations ofoptical systems. Toward the end of the book, we present application of the formalism to current research problems. Of particular interest is the use of dynamic programming techniques which can be used to handle variational/extremum problems. This method has only recently been applied to opticalproblems.

How long is Lagrangian Optics?

Lagrangian Optics by V. Lakshminarayanan is 227 pages long, and a total of 58,339 words.

This makes it 77% the length of the average book. It also has 71% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Lagrangian Optics Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 5 hours and 18 minutes to read Lagrangian Optics aloud.

What Reading Level is Lagrangian Optics?

Lagrangian Optics is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Lagrangian Optics?

Lagrangian Optics by V. Lakshminarayanan is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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