How Long to Read Laser Cooling of Solids

How Long Does it Take to Read Laser Cooling of Solids?

It takes the average reader 4 hours and 1 minute to read Laser Cooling of Solids by S V Petrushkin

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Laser cooling is an important emerging technology in such areas as the cooling of semiconductors. The book examines and suggests solutions for a range of problems in the development of miniature solid-state laser refrigerators, self-cooling solid-state lasers and optical echo-processors. It begins by looking at the basic theory of laser cooling before considering such topics as self-cooling of active elements of solid-state lasers, laser cooling of solid-state information media of optical echo-processors, and problems of cooling solid-state quantum processors. Laser Cooling of Solids is an important contribution to the development of compact laser-powered cryogenic refrigerators, both for the academic community and those in the microelectronics and other industries. Provides a timely review of this promising field of research and discusses the fundamentals and theory of laser cooling Particular attention is given to the physics of cooling processes and the mathematical description of these processes Reviews previous experimental investigations in laser cooling and presents progress towards key potential applications

How long is Laser Cooling of Solids?

Laser Cooling of Solids by S V Petrushkin is 236 pages long, and a total of 60,416 words.

This makes it 80% the length of the average book. It also has 74% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Laser Cooling of Solids Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 5 hours and 30 minutes to read Laser Cooling of Solids aloud.

What Reading Level is Laser Cooling of Solids?

Laser Cooling of Solids is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Laser Cooling of Solids?

Laser Cooling of Solids by S V Petrushkin is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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