How Long to Read Laser-Induced Dynamic Gratings

How Long Does it Take to Read Laser-Induced Dynamic Gratings?

It takes the average reader 4 hours and 30 minutes to read Laser-Induced Dynamic Gratings by Hans Joachim Eichler

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

The invention ofthe laser 25years ago resulted in powerfullight sources which led to the observation of unexpected and striking phenomena. New fields of science such as holography and nonlinear optics developed constituting the basis of this volume. The classical principle of linear superposition of light wavesdoes not hold anymore. Two laser beams crossing in a suitable material may produce a set of new beams with different directions and frequencies. The interaction of light waves can be understood by considering the optical grating structures which develop in the overlap region. The optical properties of matter become spatially modulated in the interference region of two light waves. Permanent holographic gratings have been produced in this way by photographic processes for many years. In contrast, dynamic or transient gratings disappear after the inducing light source, usually a laser, has been switched off. The grating amplitude is controlled by the light intensity. Dynamic gratings have been induced in a large number ofsolids, liquids, and gases, and are detected by diffraction, 'forced light scattering' of a third probing beam, or by self-diffraction of the light waves inducing the grating. The combined interference and diffraction effect corresponds to four-wave mixing (FWM) in the language of nonlinear optics. The process is called degenerate ifthe frequenciesofthe three incident wavesand the scattered wave are equal. Degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) is a simple method to achieve phase conjugation, i.e. to generate a wave which propagates time reversed with respect to an incident wave.

How long is Laser-Induced Dynamic Gratings?

Laser-Induced Dynamic Gratings by Hans Joachim Eichler is 270 pages long, and a total of 67,500 words.

This makes it 91% the length of the average book. It also has 82% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Laser-Induced Dynamic Gratings Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 6 hours and 8 minutes to read Laser-Induced Dynamic Gratings aloud.

What Reading Level is Laser-Induced Dynamic Gratings?

Laser-Induced Dynamic Gratings is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Laser-Induced Dynamic Gratings?

Laser-Induced Dynamic Gratings by Hans Joachim Eichler is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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