How Long to Read Lesser Harms

How Long Does it Take to Read Lesser Harms?

It takes the average reader 4 hours and 11 minutes to read Lesser Harms by Sydney A. Halpern

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Research physicians face intractable dilemmas when they consider introducing new medical procedures. Innovations carry the promise of preventing or curing life-threatening diseases, but they can also lead to injury or even death. How have clinical scientists made high-stakes decisions about undertaking human tests of new medical treatments? In Lesser Harms, Sydney Halpern explores this issue as she examines vaccine trials in America during the early and mid-twentieth century. Today's scientists follow federal guidelines for research on human subjects developed during the 1960s and 1970s. But long before these government regulations, medical investigators observed informal rules when conducting human research. They insisted that the dangers of natural disease should outweigh the risks of a medical intervention, and they struggled to accurately assess the relative hazards. Halpern explores this logic of risk in immunization controversies extending as far back as the eighteenth century. Then, focusing on the period between 1930 and 1960, she shows how research physicians and their sponsors debated the moral quandaries involved in moving vaccine use from the laboratory to the clinic. This probing work vividly describes the efforts of clinical investigators to balance the benefits and dangers of untested vaccines, to respond to popular sentiment about medical hazards, and to strategically present risk laden research to sponsors and the public. “Concise and extremely well-written. . . . A fascinating synthesis of sociology, history, and institutional theory.”—Samuel C. Blackman, Journal of the American Medical Association

How long is Lesser Harms?

Lesser Harms by Sydney A. Halpern is 246 pages long, and a total of 62,976 words.

This makes it 83% the length of the average book. It also has 77% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Lesser Harms Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 5 hours and 44 minutes to read Lesser Harms aloud.

What Reading Level is Lesser Harms?

Lesser Harms is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Lesser Harms?

Lesser Harms by Sydney A. Halpern is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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