How Long to Read Lessons for Effective Fiscal Decentralization in Sub-Saharan Africa

How Long Does it Take to Read Lessons for Effective Fiscal Decentralization in Sub-Saharan Africa?

It takes the average reader 1 hour and 3 minutes to read Lessons for Effective Fiscal Decentralization in Sub-Saharan Africa by Mr.Niko A Hobdari

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Fiscal decentralization is becoming a pressing issue in a number of countries in sub-Saharan Africa, reflecting demands for a greater local voice in spending decisions and efforts to strengthen social cohesion. Against this backdrop, this paper seeks to distill the lessons for an effective fiscal decentralization reform, focusing on the macroeconomic aspects. The main findings for sub-Saharan African countries that have decentralized, based on an empirical analysis and four case studies (Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, Uganda), are as follows: • Determinants and effectiveness: Empirical results suggest that (1) the major driving forces behind fiscal decentralization in sub-Saharan Africa include efforts to defuse ethnic conflicts, the initial level of income, and the urban-ization rate, whereas strength of democracy is not an important determi-nant for decentralization; and (2) decentralization in sub-Saharan Africa is associated with higher growth in the presence of stronger institutions. • Spending assignments: The allocation of spending across levels of gov-ernment in the four case studies is broadly consistent with best practice. However, in Uganda, unlike in the other three case studies, subnational governments have little flexibility to make spending decisions as a result of a deconcentrated rather than a devolved system of government. • Own revenue: The assignment of taxing powers is broadly in line with best practice in the four case studies, with the bulk of subnational revenue coming from property taxes and from fees for local services. However, own revenues are a very small fraction of subnational spending, reflecting weak cadaster systems and a high level of informality in the economy.

How long is Lessons for Effective Fiscal Decentralization in Sub-Saharan Africa?

Lessons for Effective Fiscal Decentralization in Sub-Saharan Africa by Mr.Niko A Hobdari is 63 pages long, and a total of 15,939 words.

This makes it 21% the length of the average book. It also has 19% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Lessons for Effective Fiscal Decentralization in Sub-Saharan Africa Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 1 hour and 27 minutes to read Lessons for Effective Fiscal Decentralization in Sub-Saharan Africa aloud.

What Reading Level is Lessons for Effective Fiscal Decentralization in Sub-Saharan Africa?

Lessons for Effective Fiscal Decentralization in Sub-Saharan Africa is suitable for students ages 8 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Lessons for Effective Fiscal Decentralization in Sub-Saharan Africa?

Lessons for Effective Fiscal Decentralization in Sub-Saharan Africa by Mr.Niko A Hobdari is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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