How Long to Read Magnetic Signatures

How Long Does it Take to Read Magnetic Signatures?

It takes the average reader and 24 minutes to read Magnetic Signatures by G. A. Fischer

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

This report investigates identical model small arms, in particular eight same-model pistols and seven same-model shotguns. This is an adjunct to experiments to obtain statistically significant quantities of signatures of objects of military interest. Studies of several copies of two kinds of tanks were presented in a recent paper (1). Data was obtained with two Model DFM100G2 Billingsley three-axis fluxgate magnetometers in a building at the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) Adelphi Center. These magnetometers were sampled at 43 Hz. The test grid consisted of a series of intersecting North-South and East-West paths spaced at one-foot intervals. One magnetometer was placed within the test grid and the other was placed about 30 ft from the grid to simultaneously obtain data for background subtraction. In one series of tests, each weapon was carried in a single direction at increasing distances from the sensor to determine the far field distance threshold. The distances required to be in the far field were 3 ft and 5 ft for the pistols and shotguns, respectively. In another series of tests, each weapon was carried along the sets of intersecting paths in the far field of the grid sensor. These tests were done for a vertical and a horizontal muzzle orientation of each weapon and were used to calculate the magnetic moments of each weapon. Magnetic signature features were compared to find similarities and differences between all the pistols and all the shotguns tested. The values for the total field for pistols carried in the North- South direction at a distance of 3 ft from the sensor are shown in figure 1. In the far field region, the shapes of the component curves for each weapon were similar. However, the relative shapes of the component signals were different for both types of weapons. The total field of the pistols in some cases was larger than the shotguns when both weapons were oriented vertically. A comparison of total field decay with distance from pistol to sensor showed a noticeable difference when the experiment was performed indoors when compared with an open field (figure 2). Outside the amplitude decreased as 1/r3, as expected. The signal decreased much more rapidly inside the building, possibly caused by the presence of steel columns or steel reinforcement bars in the floor, or ferrous metal elsewhere in the building. Finite element simulations were done to demonstrate the effect of nearby ferrous objects on the total field decay with distance.

How long is Magnetic Signatures?

Magnetic Signatures by G. A. Fischer is 24 pages long, and a total of 6,096 words.

This makes it 8% the length of the average book. It also has 7% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Magnetic Signatures Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes and 33 minutes to read Magnetic Signatures aloud.

What Reading Level is Magnetic Signatures?

Magnetic Signatures is suitable for students ages 8 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Magnetic Signatures?

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