How Long to Read Mechanics and Energetics of the Myocardium

How Long Does it Take to Read Mechanics and Energetics of the Myocardium?

It takes the average reader 3 hours and 46 minutes to read Mechanics and Energetics of the Myocardium by Christian J.F. Holubarsch

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

During several decades of this century, the classical physiological studies on the cardiovascular system have greatly improved our knowledge on the function of this system under normal and pathological conditions. This knowledge was the basis of the breakthrough for diagnostic techniques like the Swan-Ganz catheter, coronary arteriography, left and right heart biopsies, and invasive measurements of contractility, as well as therapeutic tools including aortocoronary bypass surgery, percutanous transluminal coronary angioplasty, and a broad field of pharmacological interventions for the whole spectrum of cardiovascular diseases, especially chronic heart failure. It was during the last decade that the scientific world focused on the evolution of molecular biology of the cardiovascular system so that cardiovascular physiology seemed to become less important. Regarding the myocardium, molecular alterations of important functional proteins (phenotype changes), as well as signal transduction pathways of contractility and cardiac growth have been elucidated. The functional importance of a number of genes has undoubtedly been proven with the help of transgenic animals. Mechanics and Energetics of the Myocardium provides an overview for those researchers and practioners interested in the broad field of molecular biology and physiology of the cardiovascular system.

How long is Mechanics and Energetics of the Myocardium?

Mechanics and Energetics of the Myocardium by Christian J.F. Holubarsch is 219 pages long, and a total of 56,721 words.

This makes it 74% the length of the average book. It also has 69% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Mechanics and Energetics of the Myocardium Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 5 hours and 9 minutes to read Mechanics and Energetics of the Myocardium aloud.

What Reading Level is Mechanics and Energetics of the Myocardium?

Mechanics and Energetics of the Myocardium is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Mechanics and Energetics of the Myocardium?

Mechanics and Energetics of the Myocardium by Christian J.F. Holubarsch is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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