How Long to Read Metabolic Engineering of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae for the Enhanced Production of Biorenewable Fuels and Platform Chemicals

How Long Does it Take to Read Metabolic Engineering of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae for the Enhanced Production of Biorenewable Fuels and Platform Chemicals?

It takes the average reader 3 hours and 44 minutes to read Metabolic Engineering of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae for the Enhanced Production of Biorenewable Fuels and Platform Chemicals by Christopher Tyler Leber

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

The production of fuels and chemicals from biorenewable resources is important to alleviate the instability in supply costs, growing environmental concerns and competing policy agendas associated with the use of petroleum feedstock. Many of these petroleum-derived fuels and chemicals can be directly or functionally substituted with bio-produced molecules. Among these compounds, short (SCFAs) and long chain fatty acids (LCFAs) can be utilized as free fatty acids or can fulfill a role as platform molecules using their functional group as a target for chemical catalysis. We have designed Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains to overproduce long and short chain fatty acids by combining novel enzyme and metabolic engineering strategies. LCFAs were increased by targeting three native intracellular processes: b-oxidation, activation (via acyl-CoA synthetases), and neutral lipid recycle. A sextuple mutant (faa1 faa4 fat1 faa2 pxa1 pox1) overexpressing the diacylglycerol acyltransferase, DGA1, and the triacylglycerol lipase, TGL3, yielded 2.2 g/L extracellular free fatty acids. SCFAs were overproduced by linking a Rattus norvegicus derived TEII to the Homo sapiens derived fatty acid synthase (hFAS). With the use of a Bacillus subtilis derived Sfp phosphopantetheine transferase, extracellular caprylic (C8) and total SCFA acid levels reached 63 mg/L and 68 mg/L, respectively. Combined over-expression of the phosphopantetheine transferase with the hFAS mutant resulted in C8 titers of up to 82 mg/L and total SCFA titers of up to 111 mg/L. Further enzyme and pathway engineering strategies were employed to increase SCFA production. By codon optimizing hFAS and targeting the specific degradation pathways for SCFAs in an engineered strain (faa2 ant1 pex11), we were able to increase hexanoic, octanoic, decanoic and total extracellular short chain fatty acids more than 75-, 220-, 120-, and 400-fold, respectively, relative to parent strain BY4741. Our novel combinations of pathway interventions have led to the highest extracellular SCFAs and LCFAs reported for S. cerevisiae. These engineering strategies should also prove useful for the increased production of other fatty acid derived biomolecules in yeast.

How long is Metabolic Engineering of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae for the Enhanced Production of Biorenewable Fuels and Platform Chemicals?

Metabolic Engineering of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae for the Enhanced Production of Biorenewable Fuels and Platform Chemicals by Christopher Tyler Leber is 218 pages long, and a total of 56,244 words.

This makes it 74% the length of the average book. It also has 69% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Metabolic Engineering of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae for the Enhanced Production of Biorenewable Fuels and Platform Chemicals Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 5 hours and 7 minutes to read Metabolic Engineering of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae for the Enhanced Production of Biorenewable Fuels and Platform Chemicals aloud.

What Reading Level is Metabolic Engineering of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae for the Enhanced Production of Biorenewable Fuels and Platform Chemicals?

Metabolic Engineering of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae for the Enhanced Production of Biorenewable Fuels and Platform Chemicals is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Metabolic Engineering of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae for the Enhanced Production of Biorenewable Fuels and Platform Chemicals?

Metabolic Engineering of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae for the Enhanced Production of Biorenewable Fuels and Platform Chemicals by Christopher Tyler Leber is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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