How Long to Read Microemulsions as stepping stones to greener organic chemistry

How Long Does it Take to Read Microemulsions as stepping stones to greener organic chemistry?

It takes the average reader 2 hours and 49 minutes to read Microemulsions as stepping stones to greener organic chemistry by Nadja Wulff

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

In organic chemistry the simultaneous solubility of hydrophobic and hydrophilic reactants in a common solvent is an ubiquitous problem. Often either an expensive or a toxic solvent is needed. Alternatively, polar and non polar components are mixed into macroemulsions permitting them to react across the internal interface. However, macroemulsions display a comparatively small interfacial area. Thus, the reaction rate is low. Microemulsions feature an inherent vast interfacial area which facilitates significantly higher reaction rates. Furthermore, they allow a rather simple monitoring of the reaction kinetics by observing changes in the phase behavior. In this work the advantages of microemulsions as efficient reaction media for the photochemically induced Paternò Büchi reaction of pyruvic acid and 1 octene are elucidated. The amphiphilic reaction product 3 hexyl 2 methyloxetane 2 carboxylic acid influences the phase behavior of the microemulsion system significantly. With increasing UV exposure time the point of highest efficiency was shifted to lower temperatures and, interestingly, an increase of efficiency was detected. Hence, the newly created amphiphile acts as an efficient, hydrophobic cosurfactant. Additionally, with small angle neutron scattering and freeze fracture electron microscopy it was shown that the bicontinuous microstructure survives the UV irradiation. Another route towards green organic chemistry was opened by characterization of two new sustainable biosurfactants (mannosylerythritollipids (MEL) and cellobioselipids (CL)) in microemulsions.

How long is Microemulsions as stepping stones to greener organic chemistry?

Microemulsions as stepping stones to greener organic chemistry by Nadja Wulff is 166 pages long, and a total of 42,496 words.

This makes it 56% the length of the average book. It also has 52% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Microemulsions as stepping stones to greener organic chemistry Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 3 hours and 52 minutes to read Microemulsions as stepping stones to greener organic chemistry aloud.

What Reading Level is Microemulsions as stepping stones to greener organic chemistry?

Microemulsions as stepping stones to greener organic chemistry is suitable for students ages 10 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Microemulsions as stepping stones to greener organic chemistry?

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