How Long to Read Modern Multidimensional Scaling

How Long Does it Take to Read Modern Multidimensional Scaling?

It takes the average reader 7 hours and 55 minutes to read Modern Multidimensional Scaling by Ingwer Borg

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Multidimensional scaling (MDS) is a technique for the analysis of similarity or dissimilarity data on a set of objects. Such data may be intercorrelations of test items, ratings of similarity on political candidates, or trade indices for a set of countries. MDS attempts to model such data as distances among points in a geometric space. The main reason for doing this is that one wants a graphical display of the structure of the data, one that is much easier to understand than an array of numbers and, moreover, one that displays the essential information in the data, smoothing out noise. There are numerous varieties of MDS. Some facets for distinguishing among them are the particular type of geometry into which one wants to map the data, the mapping function, the algorithms used to find an optimal data representation, the treatment of statistical error in the models, or the possibility to represent not just one but several similarity matrices at the same time. Other facets relate to the different purposes for which MDS has been used, to various ways of looking at or "interpreting" an MDS representation, or to differences in the data required for the particular models. In this book, we give a fairly comprehensive presentation of MDS. For the reader with applied interests only, the first six chapters of Part I should be sufficient. They explain the basic notions of ordinary MDS, with an emphasis on how MDS can be helpful in answering substantive questions.

How long is Modern Multidimensional Scaling?

Modern Multidimensional Scaling by Ingwer Borg is 472 pages long, and a total of 118,944 words.

This makes it 159% the length of the average book. It also has 145% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Modern Multidimensional Scaling Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 10 hours and 49 minutes to read Modern Multidimensional Scaling aloud.

What Reading Level is Modern Multidimensional Scaling?

Modern Multidimensional Scaling is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Modern Multidimensional Scaling?

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