How Long to Read Neuroeconomics

How Long Does it Take to Read Neuroeconomics?

It takes the average reader 9 hours and 20 minutes to read Neuroeconomics by Kent C. Berridge

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

This chapter discusses how different forms of outcome utility are embedded in brain systems. Experienced utility, the actual pleasure of an outcome when received, is encoded by a neural activations in a network that includes limbic prefrontal cortex as well as deep brain structures below the cortex, but it is possible that causal generation of experienced utility, in the form of intense pleasures, may be more restricted to small hotspots within the deeper structures. Decision utility, manifested in choices to pursue or consume an outcome, is influenced by additional factors, including memories of past experienced utility resulting from outcomes (remembered utility), and predictions or beliefs about how good experienced utilities are likely to be in future (anticipated/predicted utility). Brain circuitry for decision utility can be separated to a degree from circuitry for experienced utility, and the brain mesolimbic dopamine system is one component that is especially important to decision utility as a mechanism for making choices. However, there is some controversy in the field today concerning the precise role of dopamine in decisions. One common view has been that mesolimbic dopamine influences choice by mediating learning and predicted utility (as teaching signal and prediction error), acting as an input to decision utility. An alternative view is that mesolimbic dopamine instead more purely mediates decision utility directly (as incentive salience or ‘wanting’), being able to depart from learned or remembered utilities, and not necessary for reward learning or predictions. Berridge and O’Doherty favor different sides in this dopamine controversy, and so the authors here distill those different views into a brief debate. Finally, the relations among brain systems for various utilities opens up interaction possibilities that sometimes lead to irrational choices. These include ‘wanting’ a particular outcome whether or not that outcome turns out to be actually ‘liked’. That phenomenon is particularly vivid in addiction but also may occur to some degree in ordinary life.

How long is Neuroeconomics?

Neuroeconomics by Kent C. Berridge is 560 pages long, and a total of 140,000 words.

This makes it 189% the length of the average book. It also has 171% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Neuroeconomics Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 12 hours and 45 minutes to read Neuroeconomics aloud.

What Reading Level is Neuroeconomics?

Neuroeconomics is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Neuroeconomics?

Neuroeconomics by Kent C. Berridge is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

To buy Neuroeconomics by Kent C. Berridge on Amazon click the button below.