How Long to Read New Research on Autoantibodies

How Long Does it Take to Read New Research on Autoantibodies?

It takes the average reader 3 hours and 57 minutes to read New Research on Autoantibodies by Claude T. Petrelli

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Autoantibodies are a group of antibodies (immune proteins) that mistakenly target and damage specific tissues or organs of the body. One or more autoantibodies may be produced by a person's immune system when it fails to distinguish between "self" and "non-self" proteins. Usually the immune system is able to discriminate by recognising foreign substances (non-self) and ignoring the body's own cells (self), yet not overreact to non-threatening substances such as foods, dust and pollen, or beneficial microorganisms. It creates antibodies only when it perceives what it has been exposed to as a threat (non-self). When the immune system ceases to recognise one or more of the body's normal constituents as "self", it may produce autoantibodies that attack its own cells, tissues, and/or organs, causing inflammation and damage. The causes of this inappropriate action are varied and are not well understood, often resulting in a chronic auto-immune disorder. While there is not a direct link, it is thought that many cases of autoantibody production are due to a genetic predisposition combined with an environmental trigger (such as a viral illness or a prolonged exposure to certain toxic chemicals). Some families have been shown to have a high prevalence of auto-immune conditions; however, individual family members may have different auto-immune disorders or may never develop an auto-immune condition. Researchers believe that there may also be a hormonal component to the cause as many of the auto-immune conditions are more common in women of childbearing age. This book presents leading research from throughout the world.

How long is New Research on Autoantibodies?

New Research on Autoantibodies by Claude T. Petrelli is 234 pages long, and a total of 59,436 words.

This makes it 79% the length of the average book. It also has 73% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read New Research on Autoantibodies Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 5 hours and 24 minutes to read New Research on Autoantibodies aloud.

What Reading Level is New Research on Autoantibodies?

New Research on Autoantibodies is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy New Research on Autoantibodies?

New Research on Autoantibodies by Claude T. Petrelli is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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