How Long to Read Normal Renal Function

How Long Does it Take to Read Normal Renal Function?

It takes the average reader 7 hours and 21 minutes to read Normal Renal Function by W. J. O'Connor

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

This book has developed from an earlier monograph, 'Renal Function' (1962; London, Edward Arnold). It retains the general purpose of that book in relating the composition of the blood to the volume and com position of the urine of animals, including the new data of the intervening 20 years. As indicated by its title, this new book also has the particular purpose of studying the urine of animals in a normal environment and eating food usual to the species. Renal physiology illustrates a dilemma which arises also in other fields. Advanced technology, harnessed by accumulated experimental skill, now allows detailed investigation of basal processes. Micropuncture experiments have greatly advanced our understanding of the processes of glomerular fil tration and tubular reabsorption and have contribut ed to the wider discussion of the physicochemical nature of the movement of water and ions across cell surfaces. But experiments at microscopic or cell ular level demand experimental conditions in which the systems are abstracted from their natural en vironment, either as isolated perfused preparations or with the anaesthetised animal merely providing support for a tissue left in situ. The arguments from such experiments, important though they are towards understanding the basal processes, readily become remote from the reality of the normal animal.

How long is Normal Renal Function?

Normal Renal Function by W. J. O'Connor is 428 pages long, and a total of 110,424 words.

This makes it 144% the length of the average book. It also has 135% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Normal Renal Function Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 10 hours and 3 minutes to read Normal Renal Function aloud.

What Reading Level is Normal Renal Function?

Normal Renal Function is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Normal Renal Function?

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