How Long to Read Norms, Institutions, and Social Learning

How Long Does it Take to Read Norms, Institutions, and Social Learning?

It takes the average reader 6 hours and 1 minute to read Norms, Institutions, and Social Learning by Melissa Jane Gabler

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

United Nations' conferences on the environment and development have recognized that environmental protection and sustainable development can only be actualized if environmental norms are integrated into all other areas of public policy. However, the extent to which environmental policy integration has been achieved across sectors and levels of governance in response to these conferences have varied. Concentrating on the supranational level, this study compares the GATT-WTO and the EEC-EU to answer the question of why some policy actors' efforts to integrate environmental norms in trade governance frameworks and outcomes have been more successful than others. The empirical findings show that over the last 35 years, EEC-EU actors have achieved moderate degrees of trade and environmental policy integration in outcomes, while comparable attempts by GATT-WTO actors have resulted in weakly integrated policies. The theoretical explanation introduced for the variation in policy integration is a social learning approach. Four degrees of policy integration (no, weak, medium, strong) are conceptualized to result from four different styles of social learning (simple, complex, reciprocal, conflictual), which are hypothesized to be dependent on varying levels of compatibility between principles and norms and institutional capacity for learning. The argument is that stronger forms of policy integration in the EEC-EU resulted from higher levels of perceived compatibility between trade and environment principles/norms and higher levels of institutional capacity for complex/reciprocal styles of learning. In contrast, lower levels of interpreted principle/norm compatibility and lower levels of institutional capacity in the GATT-WTO for learning contributed to weaker forms of policy integration. Current scholarship on the role of norms in shaping policy change has been criticized for its neglect of theory development. The social learning explanation contributes to theory building by providing scholars with a set of testable, competing propositions for when, how and why learning about norms influences policy integration.

How long is Norms, Institutions, and Social Learning?

Norms, Institutions, and Social Learning by Melissa Jane Gabler is 349 pages long, and a total of 90,391 words.

This makes it 118% the length of the average book. It also has 110% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Norms, Institutions, and Social Learning Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 8 hours and 13 minutes to read Norms, Institutions, and Social Learning aloud.

What Reading Level is Norms, Institutions, and Social Learning?

Norms, Institutions, and Social Learning is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Norms, Institutions, and Social Learning?

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