How Long to Read Novel Self-categorization Overrides Racial Bias

How Long Does it Take to Read Novel Self-categorization Overrides Racial Bias?

It takes the average reader 5 hours and 14 minutes to read Novel Self-categorization Overrides Racial Bias by Jay Joseph Van Bavel

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

People engage in a constant and reflexive process of categorizing others according to their race, gender, age or other salient social category. Decades of research have shown that social categorization often elicits stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination. Social perception is complicated by the fact that people have multiple social identities and self-categorization with these identities can shift from one situation to another, coloring perceptions and evaluations of the self and others. This dissertation provides evidence that self-categorization with a novel group can override ostensible stable and pervasive racial biases in memory and evaluation and examines the neural substrates that mediate these processes. Experiment 1 shows that self-categorization with a novel mixed-race group elicited liking for ingroup members, regardless of race. This preference for ingroup members was mediated by the orbitofrontal cortex---a region of the brain linked to subjective valuation. Participants in novel groups also had greater fusiform and amygdala activity to novel ingroup members, suggesting that these regions are sensitive to the current self-categorization rather than features associated with race. Experiment 2 shows that preferences for ingroup members are evoked rapidly and spontaneously, regardless of race, indicating that ingroup bias can override automatic racial bias. Experiment 3 provides evidence that preferences for ingroup members are driven by ingroup bias rather than outgroup derogation. Experiment 4 shows that self-categorization increases memory for ingroup members eliminating the own-race memory bias. Experiment 5 provides direct evidence that fusiform activity to ingroup members is associated with superior memory for ingroup members. This study also shows greater amygdala activity to Black than White faces who are unaffiliated with either the ingroup or outgroup, suggesting that social categorization is flexible, shifting from group membership to race within a given social context. These five experiments illustrate that social perception and evaluation are sensitive to the current self-categorization---however minimal---and characterized by ingroup bias. This research also offers a relatively simple approach for erasing several pervasive racial biases. This multi-level approach extends several theories of intergroup perception and evaluation by making explicit links between self-categorization, neural processes, and social perception and evaluation.

How long is Novel Self-categorization Overrides Racial Bias?

Novel Self-categorization Overrides Racial Bias by Jay Joseph Van Bavel is 312 pages long, and a total of 78,624 words.

This makes it 105% the length of the average book. It also has 96% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Novel Self-categorization Overrides Racial Bias Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 7 hours and 9 minutes to read Novel Self-categorization Overrides Racial Bias aloud.

What Reading Level is Novel Self-categorization Overrides Racial Bias?

Novel Self-categorization Overrides Racial Bias is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Novel Self-categorization Overrides Racial Bias?

Novel Self-categorization Overrides Racial Bias by Jay Joseph Van Bavel is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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