How Long to Read Ocean Circulation and Climate

How Long Does it Take to Read Ocean Circulation and Climate?

It takes the average reader 15 hours and 18 minutes to read Ocean Circulation and Climate by Stefan Rahmstorf

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

The oceans play a crucial role in the Earth’s climate system due largely to their ability to store and transport heat. The instrumental record, spanning an order of magnitude of 100 years, is short compared with some of the important timescales of climate variability. To understand the oceans’ role in these long-term changes, proxy data from sediments, ice cores, and corals must be used. Using these proxy data, we examine the evidence for past ocean circulation and sea-level changes before instrumental oceanographic measurements began. We discuss what paleoclimatic data can tell us about past ocean states and what can be learned from ocean and climate models. Particular foci of the chapter are the ocean circulation and sea-level changes during the Quaternary and the Cretaceous, two particularly interesting periods in Earth’s history. The Quaternary covers the past 2.5 million years and is characterized by periodic glaciations, while the Cretaceous, reaching back around 100 million years, had a warm greenhouse climate with a weak temperature gradient between the tropics and the poles.

How long is Ocean Circulation and Climate?

Ocean Circulation and Climate by Stefan Rahmstorf is 904 pages long, and a total of 229,616 words.

This makes it 305% the length of the average book. It also has 281% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Ocean Circulation and Climate Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 20 hours and 54 minutes to read Ocean Circulation and Climate aloud.

What Reading Level is Ocean Circulation and Climate?

Ocean Circulation and Climate is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Ocean Circulation and Climate?

Ocean Circulation and Climate by Stefan Rahmstorf is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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