How Long to Read Ocean Fronts in the Southern California Current System and Their Role in Structuring Zooplankton Distributions, Diel Vertical Migration, and Size Composition

How Long Does it Take to Read Ocean Fronts in the Southern California Current System and Their Role in Structuring Zooplankton Distributions, Diel Vertical Migration, and Size Composition?

It takes the average reader 3 hours and 10 minutes to read Ocean Fronts in the Southern California Current System and Their Role in Structuring Zooplankton Distributions, Diel Vertical Migration, and Size Composition by Jesse Russell Powell

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Ocean fronts are dynamic gradients that divide waters with differing hydrographic properties. Fronts also play important ecological roles in structuring plankton distributions, modulating primary and secondary production, and delineating predator foraging areas. Here, I utilize autonomous "Spray" ocean gliders to describe the spatial and seasonal distribution of deep-water fronts and their impact on the plankton within the Southern California Current System (SCCS). To test the suitability of the Spray's 750 kHz acoustic doppler profilers (ADP) for mapping zooplankton distributions, I first present results from a seatruthing study in which I mounted an ADP on a Mocness plankton net. I show that the relative mean volume backscatter (rMVBS) measured by the ADP is correlated with the summed zooplankton cross-sectional area (a proxy for biomass). I also find that the relationship between rMVBS and zooplankton biomass is strongest for zooplankters with an estimated spherical diameter greater than 1.6 mm. Observed rMVBS was best explained by euphausiid and copepod biomass. From Spray cross-shore sections between October, 2006 and December, 2011, I identified 154 distinct surface layer density fronts. The strongest and most numerous fronts occurred in spring, and were located closer to the coast, whereas summer and fall fronts were found further offshore. Fronts were weakest and least numerous in winter. Across all seasons, fronts structured plankton distributions. Horizontal gradients in physical variables (e.g., surface density, temperature, and salinity) co-varied with horizontal gradients in MVBS and Chl-a fluorescence, and the magnitude of biological gradients was higher at frontal areas compared with non-frontal areas. Frontal areas were also clearly associated with elevated Chl-a and zooplankton acoustic backscatter. Fronts divided distinct plankton habitats and associated assemblages. Chlorophyll a fluorescence maxima and euphotic zones were deeper offshore of fronts. The amplitude of diel vertical migration by zooplankton also increased offshore, in association with increased optical transparency in the upper ocean. Additionally, ADP data indicate that zooplankton assemblages change across fronts. I employ an inverse acoustic model to estimate zooplankton size spectra, inferring that larger-bodied zooplankters contributed a greater proportion to overall biomass inshore of these fronts. Vertically-stratified zooplankton samples from both inshore and offshore regions corroborated the model results.

How long is Ocean Fronts in the Southern California Current System and Their Role in Structuring Zooplankton Distributions, Diel Vertical Migration, and Size Composition?

Ocean Fronts in the Southern California Current System and Their Role in Structuring Zooplankton Distributions, Diel Vertical Migration, and Size Composition by Jesse Russell Powell is 190 pages long, and a total of 47,500 words.

This makes it 64% the length of the average book. It also has 58% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Ocean Fronts in the Southern California Current System and Their Role in Structuring Zooplankton Distributions, Diel Vertical Migration, and Size Composition Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 4 hours and 19 minutes to read Ocean Fronts in the Southern California Current System and Their Role in Structuring Zooplankton Distributions, Diel Vertical Migration, and Size Composition aloud.

What Reading Level is Ocean Fronts in the Southern California Current System and Their Role in Structuring Zooplankton Distributions, Diel Vertical Migration, and Size Composition?

Ocean Fronts in the Southern California Current System and Their Role in Structuring Zooplankton Distributions, Diel Vertical Migration, and Size Composition is suitable for students ages 10 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Ocean Fronts in the Southern California Current System and Their Role in Structuring Zooplankton Distributions, Diel Vertical Migration, and Size Composition?

Ocean Fronts in the Southern California Current System and Their Role in Structuring Zooplankton Distributions, Diel Vertical Migration, and Size Composition by Jesse Russell Powell is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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