How Long to Read On the Determinants of Fiscal Non-Compliance

How Long Does it Take to Read On the Determinants of Fiscal Non-Compliance?

It takes the average reader and 33 minutes to read On the Determinants of Fiscal Non-Compliance by Victor Duarte Lledo

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

This paper proposes an empirical framework that distinguishes voluntary from involuntary compliance with fiscal deficit targets on the basis of economic, institutional, and political factors. The framework is applied to Spain’s Autonomous Communities (regions) over the period 2002-2015. Fiscal noncompliance among Spain’s regions has shown to be persistent. It increases with the size of growth forecast errors and the extent to which fiscal targets are tightened, factors not fully under the control of regional governments. Non-compliance also tends to increase during election years, when vertical fiscal imbalances accentuate, and market financing costs subside. Strong fiscal rules have not shown any significant impact in containing fiscal non-compliance. Reducing fiscal non-compliance in multilevel governance systems such as the one in Spain requires a comprehensive assessment of intergovernmental fiscal arrangements that looks beyond rules-based frameworks by ensuring enforcement procedures are politically credible.

How long is On the Determinants of Fiscal Non-Compliance?

On the Determinants of Fiscal Non-Compliance by Victor Duarte Lledo is 33 pages long, and a total of 8,349 words.

This makes it 11% the length of the average book. It also has 10% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read On the Determinants of Fiscal Non-Compliance Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes and 45 minutes to read On the Determinants of Fiscal Non-Compliance aloud.

What Reading Level is On the Determinants of Fiscal Non-Compliance?

On the Determinants of Fiscal Non-Compliance is suitable for students ages 8 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

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