How Long to Read On the dissolution, precipitation and transport processes in sulphatic swelling rocks

How Long Does it Take to Read On the dissolution, precipitation and transport processes in sulphatic swelling rocks?

It takes the average reader 4 hours and 10 minutes to read On the dissolution, precipitation and transport processes in sulphatic swelling rocks by Konstantinos Serafeimidis

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Sulphatic claystones are among the most problematic rocks in tunnelling due to their distinctive swelling properties. They are known to have caused severe damage, for example, to numerous tunnels excavated in the Gypsum Keuper formation. The repairs were extremely costly and time-consuming, and often provided only a temporary solution. The setbacks experienced in tunnelling through Gypsum Keuper may be attributed, among other things, to our limited knowledge of the macroscopic principles governing the swelling process and the underlying microscopic mechanisms. The issues in question have formed the focal point of long-standing research in the Chair of Underground Construction at ETH Zurich. A series of theoretical and experimental research projects are being conducted to investigate the interactions between chemical reactions, transport processes and the observed macroscopic behaviour. The objective of the investigations is to improve our understanding of swelling processes in order to yield a scientifically established basis for design. This work has achieved important progress towards this objective. It has systematically and comprehensively analysed the thermodynamics and the kinetics of the chemical reactions involved in the swelling process, as well as their interplay with advective and diffusive ion transport. The topic is of great value in terms of further investigation in this area.

How long is On the dissolution, precipitation and transport processes in sulphatic swelling rocks?

On the dissolution, precipitation and transport processes in sulphatic swelling rocks by Konstantinos Serafeimidis is 250 pages long, and a total of 62,500 words.

This makes it 84% the length of the average book. It also has 76% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read On the dissolution, precipitation and transport processes in sulphatic swelling rocks Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 5 hours and 41 minutes to read On the dissolution, precipitation and transport processes in sulphatic swelling rocks aloud.

What Reading Level is On the dissolution, precipitation and transport processes in sulphatic swelling rocks?

On the dissolution, precipitation and transport processes in sulphatic swelling rocks is suitable for students ages 12 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy On the dissolution, precipitation and transport processes in sulphatic swelling rocks?

On the dissolution, precipitation and transport processes in sulphatic swelling rocks by Konstantinos Serafeimidis is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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