How Long to Read Optical Metamaterials by Block Copolymer Self-Assembly

How Long Does it Take to Read Optical Metamaterials by Block Copolymer Self-Assembly?

It takes the average reader 1 hour and 23 minutes to read Optical Metamaterials by Block Copolymer Self-Assembly by Stefano Salvatore

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Metamaterials are artificially designed materials engineered to acquire their properties by their specific structure rather than their composition. They are considered a major scientific breakthrough and have attracted enormous attention over the past decade. The major challenge in obtaining an optical metamaterial active at visible frequencies is the fabrication of complex continuous metallic structures with nano metric features. This thesis presents the fabrication and characterization of optical metamaterials made by block copolymer self assembly. This approach allows fabrication of an intriguing and complex continuous 3D architecture called a gyroid, which is replicated into active plasmonic materials such as gold. The optical properties endowed by this particular gyroid geometry include reduction of plasma frequency, extraordinarily enhanced optical transmission, and a predicted negative refractive index. To date, this is the 3D optical metamaterial with the smallest features ever made.

How long is Optical Metamaterials by Block Copolymer Self-Assembly?

Optical Metamaterials by Block Copolymer Self-Assembly by Stefano Salvatore is 83 pages long, and a total of 20,999 words.

This makes it 28% the length of the average book. It also has 26% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Optical Metamaterials by Block Copolymer Self-Assembly Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 1 hour and 54 minutes to read Optical Metamaterials by Block Copolymer Self-Assembly aloud.

What Reading Level is Optical Metamaterials by Block Copolymer Self-Assembly?

Optical Metamaterials by Block Copolymer Self-Assembly is suitable for students ages 10 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Optical Metamaterials by Block Copolymer Self-Assembly?

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