How Long to Read Optical Properties of Bismuth-Based Topological Insulators

How Long Does it Take to Read Optical Properties of Bismuth-Based Topological Insulators?

It takes the average reader 2 hours and 3 minutes to read Optical Properties of Bismuth-Based Topological Insulators by Paola Di Pietro

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Topological Insulators (TIs) are insulators in the bulk, but have exotic metallic states at their surfaces. The topology, associated with the electronic wavefunctions of these systems, changes when passing from the bulk to the surface. This work studies, by means of infrared spectroscopy, the low energy optical conductivity of Bismuth based TIs in order to identify the extrinsic charge contribution of the bulk and to separate it from the intrinsic contribution of the surface state carriers. The extensive results presented in this thesis definitely shows the 2D character of the carriers in Bismuth-based topological insulators. The experimental apparatus and the FTIR technique, the theory of optical properties and Surface Plasmon Polaritons, as well as sample preparation of both crystals and thin films, and the analysis procedures are thoroughly described.

How long is Optical Properties of Bismuth-Based Topological Insulators?

Optical Properties of Bismuth-Based Topological Insulators by Paola Di Pietro is 119 pages long, and a total of 30,821 words.

This makes it 40% the length of the average book. It also has 38% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Optical Properties of Bismuth-Based Topological Insulators Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes 2 hours and 48 minutes to read Optical Properties of Bismuth-Based Topological Insulators aloud.

What Reading Level is Optical Properties of Bismuth-Based Topological Insulators?

Optical Properties of Bismuth-Based Topological Insulators is suitable for students ages 10 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

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