How Long to Read Petroleum Product Subsidies: Costly, Inequitable, and On the Rise

How Long Does it Take to Read Petroleum Product Subsidies: Costly, Inequitable, and On the Rise?

It takes the average reader and 20 minutes to read Petroleum Product Subsidies: Costly, Inequitable, and On the Rise by David Coady

Assuming a reading speed of 250 words per minute. Learn more

Description

Petroleum product subsidies have again started to increase with the rebound in international prices. This note reviews recent developments in subsidy levels and argues that reforming the policy framework for setting petroleum product prices is necessary to reduce the fiscal burden of these subsidies and to address climate change. Between 2003 and mid-2008, global consumer subsidies for petroleum products are estimated to have increased more than eightfold, from $57 billion to $490 billion. Although subsidies decreased to $136 billion by mid-2009, they are projected to increase to $237 billion by end-2010 (or nearly 0.3 percent of global GDP). Tax-inclusive subsidies, reflecting sub-optimal taxation of petroleum products, are projected to increase to $733 billion, or 1.0 percent of global GDP. G-20 countries account for over 70 percent of tax-inclusive subsidies. Halving tax-inclusive subsidies could reduce projected fiscal deficits in subsidizing countries by one-sixth and greenhouse emissions by around 15 percent. Subsidy reform strategies should contain measures to mitigate the impact of higher prices on the poorest groups.

How long is Petroleum Product Subsidies: Costly, Inequitable, and On the Rise?

Petroleum Product Subsidies: Costly, Inequitable, and On the Rise by David Coady is 20 pages long, and a total of 5,000 words.

This makes it 7% the length of the average book. It also has 6% more words than the average book.

How Long Does it Take to Read Petroleum Product Subsidies: Costly, Inequitable, and On the Rise Aloud?

The average oral reading speed is 183 words per minute. This means it takes and 27 minutes to read Petroleum Product Subsidies: Costly, Inequitable, and On the Rise aloud.

What Reading Level is Petroleum Product Subsidies: Costly, Inequitable, and On the Rise?

Petroleum Product Subsidies: Costly, Inequitable, and On the Rise is suitable for students ages 8 and up.

Note that there may be other factors that effect this rating besides length that are not factored in on this page. This may include things like complex language or sensitive topics not suitable for students of certain ages.

When deciding what to show young students always use your best judgement and consult a professional.

Where Can I Buy Petroleum Product Subsidies: Costly, Inequitable, and On the Rise?

Petroleum Product Subsidies: Costly, Inequitable, and On the Rise by David Coady is sold by several retailers and bookshops. However, Read Time works with Amazon to provide an easier way to purchase books.

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