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This dissertation focused on physiological regulation in response to guided meditation among participants with and without childhood maltreatment histories. Although prior research has shown that maltreatment history impacts baseline respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and heart period (HP) levels, as well as autonomic regulation in response to emotional and physical stressors (Dale et al., 2018), it was not known how maltreatment history relates to an individual’s ability to relax or benefit from a meditation. Further, this study examined how an individual’s psychiatric symptomatology (i.e., somatization, depression, anxiety, and PTSD) relate to their coping factors (i.e., perception of safety, resilience, and dysfunctional coping) and ability to physiologically regulate when exposed to physical and emotional stressors. The sample consisted of 81 college students, of which 59.3% reported a history of maltreatment. RSA and HP were collected continuously during a physical stressor, emotional stressor, and two guided meditations. Initial analyses did not yield a difference in baseline RSA or HP among maltreatment versus no maltreatment groups, however when controlling for age, gender, and BMI, regression analysis showed that a history of maltreatment predicted baseline RSA. Regression analyses indicated that baseline autonomic regulation levels and the measures of autonomic regulation in response to the physical and emotional stressors predicted autonomic reactivity to and change from the meditation. In addition, reactivity to the meditation predicted the post-meditation change. Physiological variables that were the best predictors of psychiatric symptomatology included RSA Change Post-Meditation, HP Change Post-Meditation, and baseline RSA. In response to the meditation, repeated measures of variance found that participants who scored above the clinical cutoff were more likely to be reactive and less likely to maintain their RSA level following the meditation. Measuring the ability to benefit from a brief meditation provides valuable information about the nervous system response, thus guiding clinical assessment and treatment planning.
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